Level 2 · Sound And Writing Ready | ਧੁਨੀ ਅਤੇ ਲਿਖਾਈ ਦੀ ਤਿਆਰੀ
Sound And Writing Readiness
ਧੁਨੀ ਅਤੇ ਲਿਖਾਈ ਦੀ ਤਿਆਰੀ
12 lessons
1 What Is a Sound?
The child understands that a sound is heard, while a written letter is seen.
Main idea
ਧੁਨੀ ਉਹ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਅਸੀਂ ਸੁਣਦੇ ਹਾਂ।
A sound is something we hear.
Examples:
- A bell ringing
- A dog barking
- A child laughing
- Someone saying “ਮਾਂ”
- Someone saying “ਕ”
Sound and letter are different
We can hear the sound:
ਕ
Later, we will see its written letter:
ਕ
The sound is heard.
The letter is seen and written.
Key words
ਧੁਨੀ — Sound ਸੁਣਨਾ — To listen ਬੋਲਣਾ — To speak ਅੱਖਰ — Letter
Child summary
ਮੈਂ ਧੁਨੀ ਸੁਣਦਾ ਜਾਂ ਸੁਣਦੀ ਹਾਂ।
ਮੈਂ ਅੱਖਰ ਵੇਖਦਾ ਜਾਂ ਵੇਖਦੀ ਹਾਂ।
Main idea
ਧੁਨੀ ਕੀ ਹੈ?
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen to:
ਧੁਨੀ ਕੀ ਹੈ?
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen to:
- Bell
- Bird
- Clapping
- Child saying “ਮ”
- Child saying “ਸ”
Listening questions
- Which sounds came from objects?
- Which sounds came from a person speaking?
- Which sound was Punjabi speech?
Speech and non-speech
Play:
- A drum
- “ਮਾਂ”
- A door closing
- “ਘਰ”
The child chooses the spoken words.
Repeat:
- ਮ
- ਸ
- ਕ
- ਪ
- ਨ
These are sound previews only.
Repeat:
ਧੁਨੀ
Repeat:
ਅੱਖਰ
Say:
ਮੈਂ ਧੁਨੀ ਸੁਣਦਾ ਹਾਂ।
or
ਮੈਂ ਧੁਨੀ ਸੁਣਦੀ ਹਾਂ।
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 40-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
This is an oral/listening lesson; drawing, pointing, or card sorting may replace writing.
Activity 1 — Hear or see?
Bell sound:
Hear
Written symbol ਕ:
See
Spoken “ਕ”:
Hear
Activity 2 — Find the spoken sound
Play:
- Clap
- “ਮ”
- Whistle
Correct:
ਮ
Activity 3 — Match
| Item | Action | | -------------- | ------ | | Spoken sound | ਸੁਣਨਾ | | Written letter | ਵੇਖਣਾ | | Saying a sound | ਬੋਲਣਾ |
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Find five sounds around the home.
Examples:
- Water
- Door
- Spoon
- Footsteps
- A family member speaking
Ask:
ਇਹ ਕਿਹੜੀ ਧੁਨੀ ਹੈ?
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The child understands that a sound is heard, while a written letter is seen.
Help the learner practise What Is a Sound? in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning What Is a Sound?. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What do we do with a sound?Hear it
- What do we do with a written letter?See it
- Is a sound exactly the same as a written letter?No
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The child understands that a sound is heard, while a written letter is seen.The child understands that a sound is heard, while a written letter is seen.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਧੁਨੀਧੁਨੀ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਧੁਨੀ?
2 Same or Different?
The child can decide whether two spoken sounds are the same or different.
Some sounds are exactly the same:
ਮ — ਮ
Some sounds are different:
ਮ — ਸ
Punjabi contains sounds that may seem similar at first.
Careful listening helps us hear the difference.
Main answers
ਇੱਕੋ — Same ਵੱਖਰੀਆਂ — Different
Some sounds are exactly the same:
ਇੱਕੋ ਜਾਂ ਵੱਖਰੀ ਧੁਨੀ?
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen to each pair.
ਇੱਕੋ ਜਾਂ ਵੱਖਰੀ ਧੁਨੀ?
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen to each pair.
Easy pairs
- ਮ — ਮ
- ਸ — ਸ
- ਕ — ਪ
- ਨ — ਮ
- ਲ — ਰ
Closer pairs
- ਕ — ਖ
- ਪ — ਫ
- ਟ — ਤ
- ਡ — ਦ
- ਨ — ਣ
The child does not need to name the sounds yet.
Repeat each pair:
ਮ — ਮ
ਮ — ਸ
ਕ — ਖ
ਟ — ਤ
Speak slowly first, then naturally.
Mouth awareness
Place a hand near the mouth while saying:
ਕ — ਖ
The child may feel more air with ਖ.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 37-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
This is an oral/listening lesson; drawing, pointing, or card sorting may replace writing.
Activity 1 — Same or different?
spoken model:
ਮ — ਮ
Correct:
ਇੱਕੋ
spoken model:
ਮ — ਨ
Correct:
ਵੱਖਰੀਆਂ
spoken model:
ਕ — ਖ
Correct:
ਵੱਖਰੀਆਂ
Activity 2 — Find the matching sound
Target:
ਸ
Options:
- ਮ
- ਸ
- ਕ
Correct:
ਸ
Activity 3 — Sound pairs
The child taps two identical sound bubbles.
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Parent says two sounds.
Examples:
- ਮ — ਮ
- ਮ — ਸ
- ਪ — ਫ
- ਟ — ਤ
Child answers:
- ਇੱਕੋ
- ਵੱਖਰੀਆਂ
Keep the activity under two minutes.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The child can decide whether two spoken sounds are the same or different.
Help the learner practise Same or Different? in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning Same or Different?. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The child can decide whether two spoken sounds are the same or different.The child can decide whether two spoken sounds are the same or different.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਇੱਕੋਇੱਕੋ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਇੱਕੋ?
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Parent says two sounds.
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
3 First Sound in a Word
The child can hear the first sound in a familiar Punjabi word.
Every spoken word begins with a sound.
Examples:
ਮਾਂ
The first sound is:
ਮ
ਸੇਬ
The first sound is:
ਸ
ਕਿਤਾਬ
The first sound is:
ਕ
Listening method
- Hear the whole word.
- Say it slowly.
- Stretch or repeat the first sound.
- Choose the matching sound.
Every spoken word begins with a sound.
ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦੀ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਧੁਨੀ
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen carefully:
ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦੀ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਧੁਨੀ
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen carefully:
ਮਾਂ First sound: ਮ
ਸੇਬ First sound: ਸ
ਪਾਣੀ First sound: ਪ
ਨਾਮ First sound: ਨ
ਲੱਡੂ First sound: ਲ
ਰੋਟੀ First sound: ਰ
Repeat slowly:
ਮਾਂ — ਮ
ਸੇਬ — ਸ
ਪਾਣੀ — ਪ
ਨਾਮ — ਨ
Child task
Say the first sound of:
- ਘਰ
- ਬਸ
- ਫਲ
- ਦਾਲ
- ਚਾਬੀ
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 40-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
This is an oral/listening lesson; drawing, pointing, or card sorting may replace writing.
Activity 1 — Choose the first sound
Word:
ਮਾਂ
Options:
- ਮ
- ਸ
- ਕ
Correct:
ਮ
Activity 2 — Match pictures by first sound
Group together:
- ਮਾਂ
- ਮੱਛੀ
- ਮੋਰ
All begin with:
ਮ
Activity 3 — Odd one out
- ਸੇਬ
- ਸੰਤਰਾ
- ਮਾਂ
Correct odd word:
ਮਾਂ
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Choose five objects.
Say their Punjabi names.
Ask:
ਇਸ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦੀ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਧੁਨੀ ਕੀ ਹੈ?
Examples:
- ਕੱਪ — ਕ
- ਮੇਜ਼ — ਮ
- ਪਾਣੀ — ਪ
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The child can hear the first sound in a familiar Punjabi word.
Help the learner practise First Sound in a Word in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning First Sound in a Word. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The child can hear the first sound in a familiar Punjabi word.The child can hear the first sound in a familiar Punjabi word.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਸ਼ਬਦਸ਼ਬਦ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਸ਼ਬਦ?word
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Choose five objects.
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
4 Last Sound in a Word
The child can hear the ending sound in a short familiar word.
A word also has a final sound.
Examples:
ਘਰ
The last sound is:
ਰ
ਜਲ
The last sound is:
ਲ
ਨਾਮ
The last sound is:
ਮ
Important note
The child listens for the final sound, not the final English letter.
A word also has a final sound.
ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦੀ ਆਖ਼ਰੀ ਧੁਨੀ
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen slowly:
ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦੀ ਆਖ਼ਰੀ ਧੁਨੀ
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen slowly:
ਘਰ — ਰ
ਜਲ — ਲ
ਨਾਮ — ਮ
ਬਸ — ਸ
ਰੰਗ — ਗ
ਦਿਨ — ਨ
Replay each word with the final sound emphasised gently.
Repeat:
ਘਰ — ਰ
ਨਾਮ — ਮ
ਬਸ — ਸ
Child task
Say the final sound of:
- ਜਲ
- ਦਿਨ
- ਰੰਗ
- ਘਰ
- ਨਾਮ
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 29-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
This is an oral/listening lesson; drawing, pointing, or card sorting may replace writing.
Activity 1 — Choose the final sound
Word:
ਘਰ
Options:
- ਘ
- ਰ
- ਮ
Correct:
ਰ
Activity 2 — Match words with the same ending
- ਨਾਮ
- ਕੰਮ
Both end with:
ਮ
Activity 3 — First or last?
For ਘਰ:
- First sound: ਘ
- Last sound: ਰ
For ਨਾਮ:
- First sound: ਨ
- Last sound: ਮ
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Say three short words.
Examples:
- ਘਰ
- ਨਾਮ
- ਬਸ
Ask for the final sound.
Avoid showing the written word unless the child already reads it.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The child can hear the ending sound in a short familiar word.
Help the learner practise Last Sound in a Word in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning Last Sound in a Word. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The child can hear the ending sound in a short familiar word.The child can hear the ending sound in a short familiar word.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਸ਼ਬਦਸ਼ਬਦ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਸ਼ਬਦ?word
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Say three short words.
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
5 Parts of a Word
The child can hear and clap the spoken parts or syllables in a word.
Some words can be spoken in one beat.
Examples:
- ਘਰ
- ਮਾਂ
- ਬਸ
Some words have two beats.
Examples:
- ਪਾ-ਣੀ
- ਰੋ-ਟੀ
- ਕਿ-ਤਾਬ
Some words have three or more beats.
Examples:
- ਤਿ-ਤ-ਲੀ
- ਅ-ਨਾ-ਰ
- ਗੁ-ਬਾ-ਰਾ
Child-friendly term
In this level, we call them:
ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਸੇ
Parts of a word.
Some words can be spoken in one beat.
ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਸੇ
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen and clap:
ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਸੇ
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen and clap:
ਮਾਂ One clap
ਪਾਣੀ Two claps
ਕਿਤਾਬ Two claps
ਤਿਤਲੀ Three claps
ਅਨਾਰ Three spoken parts in slow teaching form
The natural spoken rhythm should remain authoritative. Do not force artificial divisions.
Say and clap:
- ਘਰ
- ਰੋਟੀ
- ਪਾਣੀ
- ਤਿਤਲੀ
- ਗੁਬਾਰਾ
Movement option
The child may:
- Clap
- Tap the table
- Step once per part
- Touch one circle per part
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 40-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
This is an oral/listening lesson; drawing, pointing, or card sorting may replace writing.
Activity 1 — Count the claps
Word:
ਪਾਣੀ
Correct:
Two
Word:
ਘਰ
Correct:
One
Activity 2 — Place counters
For ਤਿਤਲੀ, place one counter for each spoken part.
Activity 3 — Sort
One-part words:
- ਮਾਂ
- ਘਰ
- ਬਸ
Two-part words:
- ਪਾਣੀ
- ਰੋਟੀ
- ਕਿਤਾਬ
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Clap the names of family members.
Examples depend on the family’s names.
Do not judge names using English spelling. Listen to the spoken Punjabi pronunciation.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The child can hear and clap the spoken parts or syllables in a word.
Help the learner practise Parts of a Word in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning Parts of a Word. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The child can hear and clap the spoken parts or syllables in a word.The child can hear and clap the spoken parts or syllables in a word.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਸ਼ਬਦਸ਼ਬਦ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਸ਼ਬਦ?word
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Clap the names of family members.
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
6 Short and Long Vowel Sounds
The child begins hearing the difference between short and long vowel sounds.
Some vowel sounds are short.
Some vowel sounds are held for longer.
Sound examples
Short:
ਅ
Long:
ਆ
Short:
ਇ
Long:
ਈ
Short:
ਉ
Long:
ਊ
The child should hear the difference before learning the matras.
Why it matters
Changing vowel length can change a word or make pronunciation unclear.
Simple comparison
ਦਲ — group ਦਾਲ — lentils
The difference is not only volume. The vowel itself changes.
Some vowel sounds are short.
ਛੋਟੀ ਅਤੇ ਲੰਮੀ ਸੁਰ-ਧੁਨੀ
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen to the pairs:
ਛੋਟੀ ਅਤੇ ਲੰਮੀ ਸੁਰ-ਧੁਨੀ
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen to the pairs:
- ਅ — ਆ
- ਇ — ਈ
- ਉ — ਊ
Then listen to:
- ਦਲ — ਦਾਲ
- ਮਿਲ — ਮੀਲ
- ਪੁਲ — ਪੂਲ
Where a loanword is used, the app should focus on the sound contrast rather than vocabulary importance.
Listening instruction
Choose the longer sound.
Repeat:
ਅ — ਆ
ਇ — ਈ
ਉ — ਊ
Hold the longer sound naturally.
Do not exaggerate it into singing.
Child task
The app plays one sound.
The child repeats it at the same length.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 31-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
This is an oral/listening lesson; drawing, pointing, or card sorting may replace writing.
Activity 1 — Short or long?
spoken model:
ਆ
Correct:
Long
spoken model:
ਇ
Correct:
Short
Activity 2 — Match
- ਅ — short
- ਆ — long
- ਇ — short
- ਈ — long
- ਉ — short
- ਊ — long
Activity 3 — Hear the word
spoken model:
ਦਾਲ
Choose the picture of lentils.
spoken model:
ਦਲ
Choose the group of people.
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Say:
- ਅ — ਆ
- ਇ — ਈ
- ਉ — ਊ
The child points to:
- Short card
- Long card
Parent should model naturally and avoid stretching every word.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The child begins hearing the difference between short and long vowel sounds.
Help the learner practise Short and Long Vowel Sounds in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning Short and Long Vowel Sounds. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The child begins hearing the difference between short and long vowel sounds.The child begins hearing the difference between short and long vowel sounds.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਛੋਟੀਛੋਟੀ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਛੋਟੀ?
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Say:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
7 Nasal Sounds
The child can hear when part of a sound passes through the nose.
Some Punjabi sounds are made with air passing through the nose.
These are called:
ਨੱਕੀ ਧੁਨੀਆਂ
Examples:
- ਮਾਂ
- ਅੰਬ
- ਗੇਂਦ
- ਨਹੀਂ
- ਮੈਂ
Feel the sound
Place a finger lightly beside the nose.
Say:
ਮਾਂ
The child may feel vibration.
Compare:
ਆ
ਆਂ
The second sound is nasal.
Important idea
A nasal sound is not the same as simply adding the sound “ਨ” or “ਮ”.
Some Punjabi sounds are made with air passing through the nose.
ਨੱਕੀ ਧੁਨੀਆਂ
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen to:
ਨੱਕੀ ਧੁਨੀਆਂ
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen to:
- ਆ — ਆਂ
- ਮਾ — ਮਾਂ
- ਮੈ — ਮੈਂ
- ਅਬ — ਅੰਬ
Some comparison items may be sound forms rather than common standalone words.
Word examples
- ਮਾਂ
- ਅੰਬ
- ਗੇਂਦ
- ਮੈਂ
- ਨਹੀਂ
Repeat:
ਆ — ਆਂ
ਮਾ — ਮਾਂ
ਮੈ — ਮੈਂ
Repeat the words:
- ਮਾਂ
- ਅੰਬ
- ਗੇਂਦ
- ਮੈਂ
- ਨਹੀਂ
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 30-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
This is an oral/listening lesson; drawing, pointing, or card sorting may replace writing.
Activity 1 — Nasal or not?
spoken model:
ਮਾਂ
Correct:
Nasal
spoken model:
ਆ
Correct:
Not nasal
Activity 2 — Feel the vibration
The child says:
ਮੈਂ
Then selects:
- I felt nose vibration
- I did not feel it
- I am unsure
All responses can continue; this is awareness, not a medical test.
Activity 3 — Find the nasal word
Options heard:
- ਮਾਂ
- ਮਾ
Correct:
ਮਾਂ
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Practise:
- ਮਾਂ
- ਮੈਂ
- ਅੰਬ
- ਨਹੀਂ
Say each slowly once and naturally once.
Do not ask the child to pinch their nose tightly.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The child can hear when part of a sound passes through the nose.
Help the learner practise Nasal Sounds in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning Nasal Sounds. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The child can hear when part of a sound passes through the nose.The child can hear when part of a sound passes through the nose.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਨੱਕੀਨੱਕੀ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਨੱਕੀ?
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Practise:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
8 Sounds with Extra Air
The child begins distinguishing plain and strongly aspirated Punjabi sounds.
Some sounds release a noticeable puff of air.
Examples:
ਕ — ਖ
ਚ — ਛ
ਟ — ਠ
ਤ — ਥ
ਪ — ਫ
The second sound in each pair uses more air.
Hand test
Hold a hand a short distance in front of the mouth.
Say:
ਕ
Then:
ਖ
The air should be easier to feel with ਖ.
Important limitation
This level practises the clear air contrasts:
- ਕ / ਖ
- ਚ / ਛ
- ਟ / ਠ
- ਤ / ਥ
- ਪ / ਫ
The letters ਘ, ਝ, ਢ, ਧ and ਭ are not taught simply as “the same sound with more air.” In Punjabi, they interact with tone and require separate instruction later.
Some sounds release a noticeable puff of air.
ਹਵਾ ਨਾਲ ਬੋਲੀਆਂ ਧੁਨੀਆਂ
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen to:
ਹਵਾ ਨਾਲ ਬੋਲੀਆਂ ਧੁਨੀਆਂ
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen to:
- ਕ — ਖ
- ਚ — ਛ
- ਟ — ਠ
- ਤ — ਥ
- ਪ — ਫ
Then listen in simple spoken examples.
Examples should be reviewed for age appropriateness and dialect clarity before spoken examples.
Listening question
Which sound has the stronger puff of air?
Repeat each pair slowly:
ਕ — ਖ
ਚ — ਛ
ਟ — ਠ
ਤ — ਥ
ਪ — ਫ
Use the hand test.
Do not place paper directly against the mouth.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 33-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
This is an oral/listening lesson; drawing, pointing, or card sorting may replace writing.
Activity 1 — More air or less air?
spoken model:
ਖ
Correct:
More air
spoken model:
ਕ
Correct:
Less air
Activity 2 — Hear the target
Target:
ਫ
Options:
- ਪ
- ਫ
Correct:
ਫ
Activity 3 — Match the pair
- ਕ with ਖ
- ਚ with ਛ
- ਟ with ਠ
- ਤ with ਥ
- ਪ with ਫ
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Use a hand near the mouth and practise:
- ਕ / ਖ
- ਪ / ਫ
- ਤ / ਥ
Avoid telling the child that every English “ph” equals Punjabi ਫ.
The sound should come from the spoken model model.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The child begins distinguishing plain and strongly aspirated Punjabi sounds.
Help the learner practise Sounds with Extra Air in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning Sounds with Extra Air. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The child begins distinguishing plain and strongly aspirated Punjabi sounds.The child begins distinguishing plain and strongly aspirated Punjabi sounds.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਹਵਾਹਵਾ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਹਵਾ?air or wind
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Use a hand near the mouth and practise:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
9 Tongue in Front or Back
The child begins distinguishing dental and retroflex Punjabi sounds.
Punjabi uses two sound families that many English-speaking children confuse.
Tongue farther forward
- ਤ
- ਥ
- ਦ
- ਧ
- ਨ
The tongue touches or approaches the area near the upper teeth.
Tongue curled farther back
- ਟ
- ਠ
- ਡ
- ਢ
- ਣ
The tongue curls or moves farther back.
Main listening pairs
- ਟ / ਤ
- ਠ / ਥ
- ਡ / ਦ
- ਢ / ਧ
- ਣ / ਨ
Child-friendly names
ਅੱਗੇ ਵਾਲੀ ਧੁਨੀ — Front-tongue sound ਪਿੱਛੇ ਵਾਲੀ ਧੁਨੀ — Back-tongue sound
These are learning labels, not formal linguistic definitions.
Punjabi uses two sound families that many English-speaking children confuse.
ਜੀਭ ਅੱਗੇ ਜਾਂ ਪਿੱਛੇ
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen carefully:
ਜੀਭ ਅੱਗੇ ਜਾਂ ਪਿੱਛੇ
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen carefully:
- ਟ — ਤ
- ਠ — ਥ
- ਡ — ਦ
- ਢ — ਧ
- ਣ — ਨ
Use a side-view mouth animation.
Replay:
- Slowly
- With a pause
- Naturally
Repeat:
ਟ — ਤ
ਡ — ਦ
ਣ — ਨ
Do not force the tongue or cause discomfort.
Mirror practice
The child uses a mirror while listening to the mouth-position guide.
Not every tongue movement will be clearly visible.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 32-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
This is an oral/listening lesson; drawing, pointing, or card sorting may replace writing.
Activity 1 — Same or different?
spoken model:
ਟ — ਤ
Correct:
Different
Activity 2 — Front or back?
spoken model:
ਤ
Correct:
Front
spoken model:
ਟ
Correct:
Back
Activity 3 — Choose what you hear
Play:
ਨ
Options:
- ਨ
- ਣ
Correct:
ਨ
The letters may appear as optional visual previews.
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Practise only three pairs:
- ਟ / ਤ
- ਡ / ਦ
- ਨ / ਣ
Use approved spoken model.
A parent who is unsure should replay the spoken examples rather than inventing an English approximation.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The child begins distinguishing dental and retroflex Punjabi sounds.
Help the learner practise Tongue in Front or Back in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning Tongue in Front or Back. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The child begins distinguishing dental and retroflex Punjabi sounds.The child begins distinguishing dental and retroflex Punjabi sounds.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਜੀਭਜੀਭ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਜੀਭ?tongue
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Practise only three pairs:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
10 Remember the Sound Order
The child can remember and repeat short sequences of sounds and spoken parts.
Reading requires us to notice the order of sounds.
These are different:
ਕ — ਮ
ਮ — ਕ
The same sounds in a different order can create a different sequence.
Begin with two sounds
- ਮ — ਸ
- ਕ — ਪ
- ਨ — ਲ
Then move to three sounds:
- ਮ — ਸ — ਕ
- ਪ — ਨ — ਲ
Spoken word parts
- ਪਾ — ਣੀ
- ਕਿ — ਤਾਬ
- ਰੋ — ਟੀ
Reading requires us to notice the order of sounds.
ਧੁਨੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਕ੍ਰਮ ਯਾਦ ਰੱਖੋ
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
The child hears a sequence once.
ਧੁਨੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਕ੍ਰਮ ਯਾਦ ਰੱਖੋ
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
The child hears a sequence once.
Then it is played a second time.
Examples:
- ਮ — ਸ
- ਕ — ਪ
- ਨ — ਲ — ਮ
- ਪਾ — ਣੀ
- ਰੋ — ਟੀ
Listening focus
Was the second sequence:
- The same
- Reversed
- Different
Repeat after spoken model:
ਮ — ਸ
ਕ — ਪ — ਨ
ਪਾ — ਣੀ
ਕਿ — ਤਾਬ
Echo game
The app says a sound sequence.
The child repeats it.
Start with two items and increase only when successful.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 35-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
This is an oral/listening lesson; drawing, pointing, or card sorting may replace writing.
Activity 1 — Same order?
First:
ਕ — ਮ
Second:
ਕ — ਮ
Correct:
Same
First:
ਕ — ਮ
Second:
ਮ — ਕ
Correct:
Different order
Activity 2 — Tap in order
spoken model:
ਮ — ਸ — ਕ
The child taps:
- ਮ
- ਸ
- ਕ
Activity 3 — Build the spoken word
spoken model parts:
ਪਾ — ਣੀ
The child selects:
ਪਾਣੀ
This is a visual preview, not a reading requirement.
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Play an echo game.
Parent says:
- ਮ — ਸ
- ਕ — ਪ
- ਮ — ਨ — ਲ
Child repeats in the same order.
Stop before the child becomes frustrated.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The child can remember and repeat short sequences of sounds and spoken parts.
Help the learner practise Remember the Sound Order in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning Remember the Sound Order. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The child can remember and repeat short sequences of sounds and spoken parts.The child can remember and repeat short sequences of sounds and spoken parts.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਧੁਨੀਆਂਧੁਨੀਆਂ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਧੁਨੀਆਂ?
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Play an echo game.
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
11 Writing Direction and Straight Lines
The child develops left-to-right movement and basic line control.
Gurmukhi is written from:
ਖੱਬੇ ਤੋਂ ਸੱਜੇ
Left to right.
Writing readiness
Before writing letters, practise:
- Moving left to right
- Starting at a marked point
- Stopping at the endpoint
- Drawing horizontal lines
- Drawing vertical lines
- Keeping lines inside a guide
- Leaving space between marks
The upper line
Many Gurmukhi letters and words use a strong upper horizontal line.
At this stage, the child practises the movement without writing full letters.
Pothi writing standard
Pothi should use one consistent stroke-order system reviewed by experienced Punjabi teachers.
Do not mix several competing stroke sequences inside the app.
Gurmukhi is written from:
ਲਿਖਾਈ ਦੀ ਦਿਸ਼ਾ ਅਤੇ ਸਿੱਧੀਆਂ ਰੇਖਾਵਾਂ
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Follow spoken instructions:
ਲਿਖਾਈ ਦੀ ਦਿਸ਼ਾ ਅਤੇ ਸਿੱਧੀਆਂ ਰੇਖਾਵਾਂ
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Follow spoken instructions:
- ਖੱਬੇ ਤੋਂ ਸੱਜੇ ਜਾਓ।
- ਉੱਪਰੋਂ ਹੇਠਾਂ ਰੇਖਾ ਖਿੱਚੋ।
- ਬਿੰਦੂ ਤੋਂ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕਰੋ।
- ਰੇਖਾ ਉੱਤੇ ਰੁਕੋ।
- ਹੌਲੀ ਲਿਖੋ।
Action meanings
- Start
- Move
- Stop
- Up
- Down
- Left
- Right
Repeat:
- ਖੱਬਾ
- ਸੱਜਾ
- ਉੱਪਰ
- ਹੇਠਾਂ
- ਸ਼ੁਰੂ
- ਰੁਕੋ
Give the app character an instruction:
ਖੱਬੇ ਤੋਂ ਸੱਜੇ ਜਾਓ।
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 40-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
Pothi-added: use the 20-row handwriting sheet.
Activity 1 — Follow the path
Trace a straight horizontal path from left to right.
Activity 2 — Vertical line
Draw from top to bottom.
Activity 3 — Stop at the dot
The child draws a line and stops at the endpoint.
Activity 4 — Keep inside the road
Trace between two guide lines.
Activity 5 — Space the marks
Place four short vertical strokes with clear gaps.
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Use a finger to draw:
- A line in the air
- A line in sand or flour
- A line on paper
Practise:
- Left to right
- Top to bottom
No full letters are required yet.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The child develops left-to-right movement and basic line control.
Help the learner practise Writing Direction and Straight Lines in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning Writing Direction and Straight Lines. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The child develops left-to-right movement and basic line control.The child develops left-to-right movement and basic line control.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਲਿਖਾਈਲਿਖਾਈ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਲਿਖਾਈ?
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Use a finger to draw:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
12 Curves, Turns and Writing Readiness
The child practises the basic movements needed for Gurmukhi letters and completes the Level 2 readiness check.
Gurmukhi letters use combinations of:
- Straight lines
- Curves
- Rounded bowls
- Hooks
- Turns
- Short upper lines
- Open shapes
- Closed shapes
Basic movement families
- Straight down
- Across
- Curve left
- Curve right
- Rounded bowl
- Hook
- Small loop
- Line plus curve
These are motor patterns, not letters yet.
Correct posture
- Sit comfortably
- Keep the page steady
- Hold the pencil gently
- Keep the wrist relaxed
- Do not press too hard
- Take a break if the hand hurts
Gurmukhi letters use combinations of:
ਮੋੜ, ਗੋਲਾਈਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਲਿਖਾਈ ਦੀ ਤਿਆਰੀ
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Follow the instructions:
ਮੋੜ, ਗੋਲਾਈਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਲਿਖਾਈ ਦੀ ਤਿਆਰੀ
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Follow the instructions:
- ਮੋੜ ਬਣਾਓ।
- ਗੋਲਾਈ ਪੂਰੀ ਕਰੋ।
- ਰੇਖਾ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਹਰ ਨਾ ਜਾਓ।
- ਹੌਲੀ ਚਲੋ।
- ਬਿੰਦੂ ਤੋਂ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕਰੋ।
- ਤੀਰ ਦੇ ਪਿੱਛੇ ਚਲੋ।
Repeat:
- ਰੇਖਾ
- ਮੋੜ
- ਗੋਲਾਈ
- ਬਿੰਦੂ
- ਸ਼ੁਰੂ
- ਰੁਕੋ
Explain one tracing action:
ਮੈਂ ਬਿੰਦੂ ਤੋਂ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ।
or
ਮੈਂ ਬਿੰਦੂ ਤੋਂ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕਰਦੀ ਹਾਂ।
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 40-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
Pothi-added: use the 20-row handwriting sheet.
Activity 1 — Curved road
Trace a large curve.
Activity 2 — Rounded bowl
Trace an open rounded shape.
Activity 3 — Hook
Follow a line that ends in a hook.
Activity 4 — Loop
Trace a large simple loop.
Activity 5 — Line and curve
Trace a shape containing:
- One horizontal line
- One vertical line
- One curve
Activity 6 — Copy without dots
The model remains visible, but the tracing guide disappears.
Activity 7 — Draw from memory
The child repeats one simple movement after the model is hidden.
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Complete a two-minute readiness activity:
- Clap one word.
- Find its first sound.
- Draw one straight line.
- Draw one curve.
- Say one sound pair.
Example:
ਪਾਣੀ
First sound: ਪ
Two spoken parts
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The child practises the basic movements needed for Gurmukhi letters and completes the Level 2 readiness check.
Help the learner practise Curves, Turns and Writing Readiness in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning Curves, Turns and Writing Readiness. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The child practises the basic movements needed for Gurmukhi letters and completes the Level 2 readiness check.The child practises the basic movements needed for Gurmukhi letters and completes the Level 2 readiness check.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਮੋੜਮੋੜ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਮੋੜ?
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Complete a two-minute readiness activity:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.