Level 4 · Painti Builder | ਪੈਂਤੀ ਅੱਖਰੀ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਵਾਲਾ
Painti Akhari: Second Part
ਪੈਂਤੀ ਅੱਖਰੀ: ਦੂਜਾ ਭਾਗ
20 lessons
1 ਟ ਟੈਂਕਾ
The learner understands and practises ਟ ਟੈਂਕਾ.
Today’s letter
ਟ
Letter name
ਟੈਂਕਾ
Main sound
ਟ
The tongue curls slightly back inside the mouth.
This is different from the dental sound ਤ.
Picture words
ਟਮਾਟਰ — Tomato ਟਰੱਕ — Truck
Both begin with ਟ.
Mouth position
- Lift the tongue slightly.
- Curl or move the tongue back.
- Touch the roof of the mouth.
- Release the sound briefly.
Do not place the tongue against the front teeth.
Today’s letter
Lesson goal
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen:
Lesson goal
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen:
ਟ — ਟੈਂਕਾ
Listen to:
- ਟਮਾਟਰ
- ਟਰੱਕ
- ਟੋਪੀ
Listen to the contrast:
ਟ — ਤ
At this stage, focus only on hearing that they are different.
Repeat:
ਟ
ਟੈਂਕਾ
Repeat:
- ਟਮਾਟਰ
- ਟਰੱਕ
- ਟੋਪੀ
Mouth practice
Say:
ਟ — ਟ — ਟ
Keep the sound short.
Do not add a long vowel after it.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 23-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
- Watch the approved stroke animation.
- Trace a large ਟ three times.
- Trace a smaller ਟ three times.
- Copy ਟ beside the model.
- Write ਟ once from memory.
Writing focus
Notice:
- The top section
- The main vertical form
- The curved lower section
Follow the animated order consistently.
Activity 1 — Find ਟ
Options:
ਟ ਤ ਡ ਠ
Correct:
ਟ
Activity 2 — Picture match
Choose the words beginning with ਟ:
- ਟਮਾਟਰ
- ਟਰੱਕ
- ਤਿਤਲੀ
Correct:
- ਟਮਾਟਰ
- ਟਰੱਕ
Activity 3 — Hear and choose
spoken model:
ਟ
Select:
ਟ
Activity 4 — Complete the letter
Trace the missing part of ਟ.
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Say:
ਟ — ਟੈਂਕਾ
Practise:
- ਟਮਾਟਰ
- ਟਰੱਕ
- ਟੋਪੀ
Draw ਟ once in the air.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਟ ਟੈਂਕਾ.
Help the learner practise ਟ ਟੈਂਕਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਟ ਟੈਂਕਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਟ ਟੈਂਕਾ.The learner understands and practises ਟ ਟੈਂਕਾ.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਟਟ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਟ?ਟੈਂਕਾ; sound ṭ
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Say:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
2 ਠ ਠੱਠਾ
The learner understands and practises ਠ ਠੱਠਾ.
Today’s letter
ਠ
Letter name
ਠੱਠਾ
Main sound
ਠ
The tongue is in a similar back position to ਟ, but ਠ releases a stronger puff of air.
Picture words
ਠੰਢ — Cold ਠੇਲਾ — Cart
Sound comparison
ਟ — ਠ
Both use a back-tongue position.
ਠყ releases more air.
Today’s letter
Lesson goal
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen:
Lesson goal
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen:
ਠ — ਠੱਠਾ
Listen to:
- ਠੰਢ
- ਠੇਲਾ
- ਠੀਕ
Compare:
ਟ — ਠ
Play each pair slowly and at natural speed.
Repeat:
ਟ — ਠ
Place a hand near the mouth.
The child should feel more air with ਠ.
Repeat:
ਠੱਠਾ
Repeat:
- ਠੰਢ
- ਠੇਲਾ
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 22-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
- Watch ਠ being written.
- Trace it three times.
- Copy it beside the model.
- Write it without tracing.
- Copy ਟ and ਠ side by side.
Writing focus
Do not confuse:
- ਟ
- ਠ
Study the complete shapes, not only one small part.
Activity 1 — Find ਠ
Options:
ਟ ਠ ਤ ਥ
Correct:
ਠ
Activity 2 — More air
Which one releases more air?
- ਟ
- ਠ
Correct:
ਠ
Activity 3 — Picture match
- ਠੰਢ
- ਠੇਲਾ
Activity 4 — Hear ਟ or ਠ
Play mixed spoken model examples.
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Practise:
ਟ — ਠ
Say both slowly, then naturally.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਠ ਠੱਠਾ.
Help the learner practise ਠ ਠੱਠਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਠ ਠੱਠਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਠ ਠੱਠਾ.The learner understands and practises ਠ ਠੱਠਾ.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਠਠ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਠ?ਠੱਠਾ; sound ṭh
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Practise:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
3 ਡ ਡੱਡਾ
The learner understands and practises ਡ ਡੱਡਾ.
Today’s letter
ਡ
Letter name
ਡੱਡਾ
Main sound
ਡ
The tongue curls or moves back inside the mouth.
ਡ is different from the forward dental sound ਦ.
Picture words
ਡੱਬਾ — Box ਡੱਡੂ — Frog
Both begin with ਡ.
Today’s letter
Lesson goal
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen:
Lesson goal
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen:
ਡ — ਡੱਡਾ
Listen to:
- ਡੱਬਾ
- ਡੱਡੂ
- ਡਾਕ
Compare:
ਡ — ਦ
The child listens to the difference.
Repeat:
ਡ
ਡੱਡਾ
Repeat:
- ਡੱਬਾ
- ਡੱਡੂ
- ਡਾਕ
Mouth position
The tongue is farther back than for ਦ.
Do not use the English letter “d” as the only guide.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 22-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
- Watch the animation.
- Trace large ਡ.
- Trace small ਡ.
- Copy it twice.
- Write it from memory.
Writing focus
Prepare to compare:
- ਡ
- ਢ
Activity 1 — Find ਡ
Options:
ਟ ਡ ਦ ਢ
Correct:
ਡ
Activity 2 — Picture match
- ਡੱਬਾ
- ਡੱਡੂ
Activity 3 — Hear ਡ or ਦ
Use clear approved spoken model.
Activity 4 — Match the name
ਡ matches:
ਡੱਡਾ
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Say:
- ਡੱਬਾ
- ਡੱਡੂ
Practise:
ਡ — ਦ
Use app spoken model when unsure.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਡ ਡੱਡਾ.
Help the learner practise ਡ ਡੱਡਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਡ ਡੱਡਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਡ ਡੱਡਾ.The learner understands and practises ਡ ਡੱਡਾ.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਡਡ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਡ?ਡੱਡਾ; sound ḍ
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Say:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
4 ਢ ਢੱਡਾ
The learner understands and practises ਢ ਢੱਡਾ.
Today’s letter
ਢ
Letter name
ਢੱਡਾ
Important pronunciation note
ਢ is a Punjabi tonal letter.
It should not be taught only as:
ਡ plus extra air
Its pronunciation can change according to where it appears in a word.
The child should:
- Listen carefully
- Copy native-speaker spoken model
- Recognise the letter
- Avoid relying on English spelling
Picture words
ਢੋਲ — Drum ਢੱਕਣ — Lid
Today’s letter
Lesson goal
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen:
Lesson goal
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen:
ਢ — ਢੱਡਾ
Listen to:
- ਢੋਲ
- ਢੱਕਣ
- ਢੇਰ
Compare:
ਡ
ਢ
Do not ask the child to explain the tonal pattern yet.
Repeat after the official spoken model:
ਢ
ਢੱਡਾ
Repeat:
- ਢੋਲ
- ਢੱਕਣ
- ਢੇਰ
The aim is careful imitation, not a forced “dh” sound.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 17-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
- Watch the complete stroke animation.
- Trace ਢ.
- Copy it twice.
- Write it once from memory.
- Compare ਡ and ਢ.
Writing focus
Use the complete letter form.
Do not begin with ਡ and add an unplanned mark afterward.
Activity 1 — Find ਢ
Options:
ਡ ਢ ਦ ਧ
Correct:
ਢ
Activity 2 — Picture match
- ਢੋਲ
- ਢੱਕਣ
Activity 3 — ਡ or ਢ?
Use visual and spoken model matching.
Activity 4 — Match the letter name
ਢ matches:
ਢੱਡਾ
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Replay:
- ਢੋਲ
- ਢੱਕਣ
Say them once slowly and once naturally.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਢ ਢੱਡਾ.
Help the learner practise ਢ ਢੱਡਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਢ ਢੱਡਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਢ ਢੱਡਾ.The learner understands and practises ਢ ਢੱਡਾ.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਢਢ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਢ?ਢੱਢਾ; sound ḍh
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Replay:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
5 ਣ ਣਾਣਾ
The learner understands and practises ਣ ਣਾਣਾ.
Today’s letter
ਣ
Letter name
ਣਾਣਾ
Main sound
ਣ
The tongue curls or moves back.
This is different from the forward sound ਨ.
Important usage note
ਣ does not begin many everyday Punjabi words.
It is commonly found inside words.
Word examples
ਪਾਣੀ — Water ਕਣਕ — Wheat ਗਿਣਤੀ — Counting
Listen for ਣ inside each word.
Do not invent an inaccurate picture word beginning with ਣ.
Today’s letter
Lesson goal
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen:
Lesson goal
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen:
ਣ — ਣਾਣਾ
Listen to:
- ਪਾਣੀ
- ਕਣਕ
- ਗਿਣਤੀ
Compare:
ਣ — ਨ
The tongue position changes the sound.
Repeat:
ਣ
ਣਾਣਾ
Repeat:
- ਪਾਣੀ
- ਕਣਕ
- ਗਿਣਤੀ
Mouth practice
Say:
ਨ — ਣ
For ਣ, move the tongue farther back.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 22-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
- Watch ਣ being written.
- Trace the large form.
- Copy it beside the model.
- Write it once from memory.
- Compare ਣ and ਨ visually.
Activity 1 — Find ਣ
Options:
ਨ ਣ ਡ ਦ
Correct:
ਣ
Activity 2 — Find the letter inside the word
Show:
ਪਾਣੀ
Highlight:
ਣ
Activity 3 — Match
ਣ matches:
ਣਾਣਾ
Activity 4 — ਨ or ਣ?
Play mixed sound examples.
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Listen to:
- ਪਾਣੀ
- ਕਣਕ
- ਗਿਣਤੀ
Point to ਣ when it appears.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਣ ਣਾਣਾ.
Help the learner practise ਣ ਣਾਣਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਣ ਣਾਣਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਣ ਣਾਣਾ.The learner understands and practises ਣ ਣਾਣਾ.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਣਣ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਣ?ਣਾਣਾ; sound ṇ
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Listen to:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
6 ਟ ਵਰਗ Review
The learner understands and practises ਟ ਵਰਗ Review.
ਟ ਵਰਗ
| Letter | Name | | ------ | ----- | | ਟ | ਟੈਂਕਾ | | ਠ | ਠੱਠਾ | | ਡ | ਡੱਡਾ | | ਢ | ਢੱਡਾ | | ਣ | ਣਾਣਾ |
Group feature
These sounds use a tongue position farther back in the mouth.
ਟ ਵਰਗ
ਟ ਠ ਡ ਢ ਣ ਦੀ ਦੁਹਰਾਈ
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen in order:
ਟ ਠ ਡ ਢ ਣ ਦੀ ਦੁਹਰਾਈ
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen in order:
ਟ, ਠ, ਡ, ਢ, ਣ
Listen to the names.
Then hear them in random order.
Sound contrasts
- ਟ / ਠ
- ਡ / ਢ
- ਣ / ਨ
Say:
ਟੈਂਕਾ, ਠੱਠਾ, ਡੱਡਾ, ਢੱਡਾ, ਣਾਣਾ
Repeat:
ਟ — ਠ
ਡ — ਢ
ਣ — ਨ
Use approved spoken model for ਢ.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 28-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
Copy:
ਟ ਠ ਡ ਢ ਣ
Then write three letters from spoken names.
Dictation examples
spoken model:
ਟੈਂਕਾ
Write:
ਟ
spoken model:
ਣਾਣਾ
Write:
ਣ
Activity 1 — Missing letter
ਟ ਠ ___ ਢ ਣ
Correct:
ਡ
Activity 2 — Picture and word matching
- ਟਮਾਟਰ → ਟ
- ਠੰਢ → ਠ
- ਡੱਬਾ → ਡ
- ਢੋਲ → ਢ
- ਪਾਣੀ → ਣ
Activity 3 — Find the group
Choose all ਟ ਵਰਗ letters from a mixed set.
Activity 4 — Random recognition
Letters appear in different positions each time.
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Use five letter cards.
Ask the child to:
- Find the named letter.
- Say the letter name.
- Trace it in the air.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਟ ਵਰਗ Review.
Help the learner practise ਟ ਵਰਗ Review in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਟ ਵਰਗ Review. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਟ ਵਰਗ Review.The learner understands and practises ਟ ਵਰਗ Review.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਟਟ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਟ?ਟੈਂਕਾ; sound ṭ
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Use five letter cards.
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
7 ਤ ਤੱਤਾ
The learner understands and practises ਤ ਤੱਤਾ.
Today’s letter
ਤ
Letter name
ਤੱਤਾ
Main sound
ਤ
The tongue moves forward and touches or approaches the upper teeth.
This is different from ਟ.
Picture words
ਤਿਤਲੀ — Butterfly ਤੋਤਾ — Parrot
Today’s letter
Lesson goal
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen:
Lesson goal
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen:
ਤ — ਤੱਤਾ
Listen to:
- ਤਿਤਲੀ
- ਤੋਤਾ
- ਤਾਰਾ
Compare:
ਤ — ਟ
One sound is dental and forward.
The other is retroflex and farther back.
Repeat:
ਤ
ਤੱਤਾ
Repeat:
- ਤਿਤਲੀ
- ਤੋਤਾ
- ਤਾਰਾ
Mouth position
Place the tongue near the upper teeth.
Do not curl it backward.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 22-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
- Watch the animation.
- Trace ਤ three times.
- Copy it twice.
- Write it from memory.
- Compare ਤ and ਟ.
Activity 1 — Find ਤ
Options:
ਟ ਤ ਥ ਦ
Correct:
ਤ
Activity 2 — Picture match
- ਤਿਤਲੀ
- ਤੋਤਾ
Activity 3 — Hear ਟ or ਤ
Use approved spoken model.
Activity 4 — Mouth-position choice
Select:
- Tongue forward
- Tongue curled back
Correct for ਤ:
Tongue forward
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Practise:
ਟ — ਤ
Use the mouth-position animation when needed.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਤ ਤੱਤਾ.
Help the learner practise ਤ ਤੱਤਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਤ ਤੱਤਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਤ ਤੱਤਾ.The learner understands and practises ਤ ਤੱਤਾ.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਤਤ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਤ?ਤੱਤਾ; sound t
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Practise:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
8 ਥ ਥੱਥਾ
The learner understands and practises ਥ ਥੱਥਾ.
Today’s letter
ਥ
Letter name
ਥੱਥਾ
Main sound
ਥ
The tongue stays forward near the upper teeth.
The sound releases more air than ਤ.
Picture words
ਥਾਲੀ — Plate ਥੈਲਾ — Bag
Compare
ਤ — ਥ
Both are forward-tongue sounds.
ਥ releases more air.
Also compare:
ਠ — ਥ
ਠ uses the tongue farther back.
ਥ uses the tongue forward.
Today’s letter
Lesson goal
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen:
Lesson goal
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen:
ਥ — ਥੱਥਾ
Listen to:
- ਥਾਲੀ
- ਥੈਲਾ
- ਥੋੜ੍ਹਾ
Compare:
- ਤ / ਥ
- ਠ / ਥ
Repeat:
ਤ — ਥ
Use the hand-air test.
Repeat:
ਠ — ਥ
Notice the tongue position.
Repeat:
- ਥਾਲੀ
- ਥੈਲਾ
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 22-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
Watch, trace and copy ਥ.
Compare:
- ਤ
- ਥ
Then compare:
- ਠ
- ਥ
Activity 1 — Find ਥ
Options:
ਠ ਥ ਤ ਧ
Correct:
ਥ
Activity 2 — More air
ਤ or ਥ?
Correct:
ਥ
Activity 3 — Forward or back?
For ਥ:
Forward
Activity 4 — Picture match
- ਥਾਲੀ
- ਥੈਲਾ
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Practise:
ਤ — ਥ
Then:
ਠ — ਥ
Use approved spoken model.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਥ ਥੱਥਾ.
Help the learner practise ਥ ਥੱਥਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਥ ਥੱਥਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਥ ਥੱਥਾ.The learner understands and practises ਥ ਥੱਥਾ.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਥਥ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਥ?ਥੱਥਾ; sound th
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Practise:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
9 ਦ ਦੱਦਾ
The learner understands and practises ਦ ਦੱਦਾ.
Today’s letter
ਦ
Letter name
ਦੱਦਾ
Main sound
ਦ
The tongue is forward near the upper teeth.
This is different from the back-tongue sound ਡ.
Picture words
ਦਾਲ — Lentils ਦੁੱਧ — Milk
Today’s letter
Lesson goal
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen:
Lesson goal
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen:
ਦ — ਦੱਦਾ
Listen to:
- ਦਾਲ
- ਦੁੱਧ
- ਦਰਵਾਜ਼ਾ
Compare:
ਦ — ਡ
Repeat:
ਦ
ਦੱਦਾ
Repeat:
- ਦਾਲ
- ਦੁੱਧ
- ਦਰਵਾਜ਼ਾ
Mouth position
Keep the tongue forward.
Do not curl it back as for ਡ.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 22-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
- Watch ਦ being written.
- Trace it.
- Copy it twice.
- Write from memory.
- Compare ਦ and ਡ.
Activity 1 — Find ਦ
Options:
ਡ ਦ ਧ ਤ
Correct:
ਦ
Activity 2 — Picture match
- ਦਾਲ
- ਦੁੱਧ
Activity 3 — Hear ਡ or ਦ
Activity 4 — Match the name
ਦ matches:
ਦੱਦਾ
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Say:
- ਦਾਲ
- ਦੁੱਧ
Practise:
ਡ — ਦ
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਦ ਦੱਦਾ.
Help the learner practise ਦ ਦੱਦਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਦ ਦੱਦਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਦ ਦੱਦਾ.The learner understands and practises ਦ ਦੱਦਾ.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਦਦ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਦ?ਦੱਦਾ; sound d
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Say:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
10 ਧ ਧੱਦਾ
The learner understands and practises ਧ ਧੱਦਾ.
Today’s letter
ਧ
Letter name
ਧੱਦਾ
Important pronunciation note
ਧ is a Punjabi tonal letter.
It should not be taught only as:
ਦ plus extra air
Its pronunciation changes according to its position and the word.
The child learns through:
- Native-speaker spoken model
- Careful repetition
- Word examples
- Later tone lessons
Picture words
ਧਾਗਾ — Thread ਧਰਤੀ — Earth
Today’s letter
Lesson goal
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen:
Lesson goal
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen:
ਧ — ਧੱਦਾ
Listen to:
- ਧਾਗਾ
- ਧਰਤੀ
- ਧਨ
Compare:
ਦ
ਧ
The child should imitate rather than analyse.
Repeat after approved spoken model:
ਧ
ਧੱਦਾ
Repeat:
- ਧਾਗਾ
- ਧਰਤੀ
- ਧਨ
Do not force an English “dh” sound.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 17-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
- Watch the complete animation.
- Trace ਧ.
- Copy it twice.
- Write once from memory.
- Compare ਦ and ਧ.
Activity 1 — Find ਧ
Options:
ਦ ਧ ਡ ਢ
Correct:
ਧ
Activity 2 — Picture match
- ਧਾਗਾ
- ਧਰਤੀ
Activity 3 — ਦ or ਧ?
Use approved spoken model and visual matching.
Activity 4 — Match
ਧ matches:
ਧੱਦਾ
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Replay:
- ਧਾਗਾ
- ਧਰਤੀ
The parent should use the app spoken examples when unsure.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਧ ਧੱਦਾ.
Help the learner practise ਧ ਧੱਦਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਧ ਧੱਦਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਧ ਧੱਦਾ.The learner understands and practises ਧ ਧੱਦਾ.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਧਧ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਧ?ਧੱਧਾ; sound dh
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Replay:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
11 ਨ ਨੰਨਾ
The learner understands and practises ਨ ਨੰਨਾ.
Today’s letter
ਨ
Letter name
ਨੰਨਾ
Main sound
ਨ
The tongue is forward near the upper teeth.
This is different from the back-tongue sound ਣ.
Picture words
ਨੱਕ — Nose ਨਲਕਾ — Tap
Both begin with ਨ.
Today’s letter
Lesson goal
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen:
Lesson goal
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen:
ਨ — ਨੰਨਾ
Listen to:
- ਨੱਕ
- ਨਲਕਾ
- ਨਾਰੀਅਲ
Compare:
ਨ — ਣ
Repeat:
ਨ
ਨੰਨਾ
Repeat:
- ਨੱਕ
- ਨਲਕਾ
- ਨਾਰੀਅਲ
Mouth practice
Say:
ਨ — ਣ
For ਨ, keep the tongue forward.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 23-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
- Watch the animation.
- Trace ਨ.
- Copy it.
- Write it from memory.
- Compare ਨ and ਣ.
Activity 1 — Find ਨ
Options:
ਣ ਨ ਮ ਦ
Correct:
ਨ
Activity 2 — Picture match
- ਨੱਕ
- ਨਲਕਾ
Activity 3 — Hear ਨ or ਣ
Activity 4 — First sound
spoken model:
ਨਾਰੀਅਲ
Correct:
ਨ
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Practise:
ਨ — ਣ
Use the examples:
- ਨੱਕ
- ਪਾਣੀ
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਨ ਨੰਨਾ.
Help the learner practise ਨ ਨੰਨਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਨ ਨੰਨਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਨ ਨੰਨਾ.The learner understands and practises ਨ ਨੰਨਾ.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਨਨ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਨ?ਨੰਨਾ; sound n
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Practise:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
12 ਤ ਵਰਗ Review
The learner understands and practises ਤ ਵਰਗ Review.
ਤ ਵਰਗ
| Letter | Name | | ------ | ---- | | ਤ | ਤੱਤਾ | | ਥ | ਥੱਥਾ | | ਦ | ਦੱਦਾ | | ਧ | ਧੱਦਾ | | ਨ | ਨੰਨਾ |
Group feature
The tongue stays forward near the upper teeth.
ਤ ਵਰਗ
ਤ ਥ ਦ ਧ ਨ ਦੀ ਦੁਹਰਾਈ
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen:
ਤ ਥ ਦ ਧ ਨ ਦੀ ਦੁਹਰਾਈ
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen:
ਤ, ਥ, ਦ, ਧ, ਨ
Listen to the names.
Then hear them in random order.
Compare
- ਤ / ਥ
- ਦ / ਧ
- ਨ / ਣ
Use approved spoken model for ਧ.
Say:
ਤੱਤਾ, ਥੱਥਾ, ਦੱਦਾ, ਧੱਦਾ, ਨੰਨਾ
Practise:
ਤ — ਥ
ਦ — ਧ
ਨ — ਣ
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 28-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
Copy:
ਤ ਥ ਦ ਧ ਨ
Write three letters from spoken names.
Activity 1 — Missing letter
ਤ ਥ ___ ਧ ਨ
Correct:
ਦ
Activity 2 — Picture matching
- ਤਿਤਲੀ → ਤ
- ਥਾਲੀ → ਥ
- ਦਾਲ → ਦ
- ਧਾਗਾ → ਧ
- ਨੱਕ → ਨ
Activity 3 — Find the ਤ ਵਰਗ letters
Choose them from a mixed group.
Activity 4 — Front-tongue group
Choose which mouth position matches this group.
Correct:
Forward near the teeth
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Use five cards and practise in random order.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਤ ਵਰਗ Review.
Help the learner practise ਤ ਵਰਗ Review in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਤ ਵਰਗ Review. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਤ ਵਰਗ Review.The learner understands and practises ਤ ਵਰਗ Review.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਤਤ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਤ?ਤੱਤਾ; sound t
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Use five cards and practise in random order.
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
13 ਪ ਪੱਪਾ
The learner understands and practises ਪ ਪੱਪਾ.
Today’s letter
ਪ
Letter name
ਪੱਪਾ
Main sound
ਪ
The sound is made with both lips.
Picture words
ਪਤੰਗ — Kite ਪਾਣੀ — Water
Today’s letter
Lesson goal
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen:
Lesson goal
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen:
ਪ — ਪੱਪਾ
Listen to:
- ਪਤੰਗ
- ਪਾਣੀ
- ਪੱਤਾ
Compare:
ਪ — ਫ
The next letter releases more air.
Repeat:
ਪ
ਪੱਪਾ
Repeat:
- ਪਤੰਗ
- ਪਾਣੀ
- ਪੱਤਾ
Keep the lips together before releasing the sound.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 22-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
- Watch ਪ being written.
- Trace it.
- Copy it twice.
- Write it from memory.
- Prepare to compare ਪ and ਫ.
Activity 1 — Find ਪ
Options:
ਪ ਫ ਬ ਮ
Correct:
ਪ
Activity 2 — Picture match
- ਪਤੰਗ
- ਪਾਣੀ
Activity 3 — Hear ਪ
Activity 4 — Match
ਪ matches:
ਪੱਪਾ
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Say:
- ਪਤੰਗ
- ਪਾਣੀ
- ਪੱਤਾ
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਪ ਪੱਪਾ.
Help the learner practise ਪ ਪੱਪਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਪ ਪੱਪਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਪ ਪੱਪਾ.The learner understands and practises ਪ ਪੱਪਾ.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਪਪ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਪ?ਪੱਪਾ; sound p
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Say:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
14 ਫ ਫੱਫਾ
The learner understands and practises ਫ ਫੱਫਾ.
Today’s letter
ਫ
Letter name
ਫੱਫਾ
Main sound
ਫ
In native Punjabi words, ਫ is usually an aspirated ਪ sound.
The lips close as for ਪ, but more air is released.
Picture words
ਫਲ — Fruit ਫੁੱਲ — Flower
Important distinction
ਫ and ਫ਼ are different.
- ਫ — native aspirated ਪ sound
- ਫ਼ — borrowed “f” sound, taught later
Avoid using English “f” as the main model for ਫ.
Today’s letter
Lesson goal
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen:
Lesson goal
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen:
ਫ — ਫੱਫਾ
Listen to:
- ਫਲ
- ਫੁੱਲ
- ਫੜਨਾ
Compare:
ਪ — ਫ
Use the hand-air test.
Repeat:
ਪ — ਫ
Feel the stronger air with ਫ.
Repeat:
ਫੱਫਾ
Repeat:
- ਫਲ
- ਫੁੱਲ
Do not place the lower lip against the upper teeth as for English “f.”
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 22-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
- Watch ਫ being written.
- Trace it.
- Copy it twice.
- Write it from memory.
- Compare ਪ and ਫ.
Activity 1 — Find ਫ
Options:
ਪ ਫ ਫ਼ ਬ
Correct:
ਫ
At this level, ਫ਼ is shown only as a visual contrast.
Activity 2 — More air
Which releases more air?
- ਪ
- ਫ
Correct:
ਫ
Activity 3 — Picture match
- ਫਲ
- ਫੁੱਲ
Activity 4 — Hear ਪ or ਫ
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Practise:
ਪ — ਫ
Say:
- ਫਲ
- ਫੁੱਲ
Use the hand-air test.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਫ ਫੱਫਾ.
Help the learner practise ਫ ਫੱਫਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਫ ਫੱਫਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਫ ਫੱਫਾ.The learner understands and practises ਫ ਫੱਫਾ.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਫਫ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਫ?ਫੱਫਾ; sound ph
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Practise:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
15 ਬ ਬੱਬਾ
The learner understands and practises ਬ ਬੱਬਾ.
Today’s letter
ਬ
Letter name
ਬੱਬਾ
Main sound
ਬ
The sound is made with both lips.
Picture words
ਬਿੱਲੀ — Cat ਬਸ — Bus
Today’s letter
Lesson goal
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen:
Lesson goal
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen:
ਬ — ਬੱਬਾ
Listen to:
- ਬਿੱਲੀ
- ਬਸ
- ਬੱਚਾ
Compare:
ਪ — ਬ
The lip position is related, but the sound is different.
Repeat:
ਬ
ਬੱਬਾ
Repeat:
- ਬਿੱਲੀ
- ਬਸ
- ਬੱਚਾ
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 22-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
- Watch ਬ being written.
- Trace it.
- Copy it twice.
- Write it from memory.
- Prepare to compare ਬ and ਭ.
Activity 1 — Find ਬ
Options:
ਪ ਬ ਭ ਮ
Correct:
ਬ
Activity 2 — Picture match
- ਬਿੱਲੀ
- ਬਸ
Activity 3 — Hear ਪ or ਬ
Activity 4 — Match
ਬ matches:
ਬੱਬਾ
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Say:
- ਬਿੱਲੀ
- ਬਸ
- ਬੱਚਾ
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਬ ਬੱਬਾ.
Help the learner practise ਬ ਬੱਬਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਬ ਬੱਬਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਬ ਬੱਬਾ.The learner understands and practises ਬ ਬੱਬਾ.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਬਬ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਬ?ਬੱਬਾ; sound b
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Say:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
16 ਭ ਭੱਬਾ
The learner understands and practises ਭ ਭੱਬਾ.
Today’s letter
ਭ
Letter name
ਭੱਬਾ
Important pronunciation note
ਭ is a Punjabi tonal letter.
It should not be taught only as:
ਬ plus extra air
Its pronunciation depends on its position in the word.
The child should use approved native-speaker spoken model.
Picture words
ਭੇਡ — Sheep ਭਾਲੂ — Bear
Today’s letter
Lesson goal
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen:
Lesson goal
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen:
ਭ — ਭੱਬਾ
Listen to:
- ਭੇਡ
- ਭਾਲੂ
- ਭਰਾ
Compare:
ਬ
ਭ
The child listens and imitates without relying on Roman spelling.
Repeat after the spoken model:
ਭ
ਭੱਬਾ
Repeat:
- ਭੇਡ
- ਭਾਲੂ
- ਭਰਾ
Do not force a heavy “bh” pronunciation.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 17-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
- Watch the full animation.
- Trace ਭ.
- Copy it twice.
- Write it from memory.
- Compare ਬ and ਭ.
Activity 1 — Find ਭ
Options:
ਬ ਭ ਮ ਧ
Correct:
ਭ
Activity 2 — Picture match
- ਭੇਡ
- ਭਾਲੂ
Activity 3 — ਬ or ਭ?
Use approved spoken model.
Activity 4 — Match
ਭ matches:
ਭੱਬਾ
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Replay:
- ਭੇਡ
- ਭਾਲੂ
- ਭਰਾ
Use the approved spoken model model.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਭ ਭੱਬਾ.
Help the learner practise ਭ ਭੱਬਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਭ ਭੱਬਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਭ ਭੱਬਾ.The learner understands and practises ਭ ਭੱਬਾ.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਭਭ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਭ?ਭੱਭਾ; sound bh
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Replay:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
17 ਮ ਮੰਮਾ
The learner understands and practises ਮ ਮੰਮਾ.
Today’s letter
ਮ
Letter name
ਮੰਮਾ
Main sound
ਮ
The lips close while the sound passes through the nose.
Picture words
ਮੱਛੀ — Fish ਮੋਰ — Peacock
Both begin with ਮ.
Today’s letter
Lesson goal
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen:
Lesson goal
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen:
ਮ — ਮੰਮਾ
Listen to:
- ਮੱਛੀ
- ਮੋਰ
- ਮਾਂ
Feel the sound
Say:
ਮ
The child may feel gentle vibration around the nose and lips.
Repeat:
ਮ
ਮੰਮਾ
Repeat:
- ਮੱਛੀ
- ਮੋਰ
- ਮਾਂ
Hold the sound gently:
ਮਮਮ
Do not strain.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 23-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
- Watch ਮ being written.
- Trace it.
- Copy it twice.
- Write it from memory.
- Compare ਮ with ਭ and ਬ.
Activity 1 — Find ਮ
Options:
ਭ ਮ ਬ ਨ
Correct:
ਮ
Activity 2 — Picture match
- ਮੱਛੀ
- ਮੋਰ
Activity 3 — Hear ਮ or ਨ
Activity 4 — Nasal sound
Question:
Does ਮ use air through the nose?
Correct: Yes
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Say:
- ਮਾਂ
- ਮੋਰ
- ਮੱਛੀ
Draw ਮ once in the air.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਮ ਮੰਮਾ.
Help the learner practise ਮ ਮੰਮਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਮ ਮੰਮਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਮ ਮੰਮਾ.The learner understands and practises ਮ ਮੰਮਾ.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਮਮ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਮ?ਮੰਮਾ; sound m
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Say:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
18 ਪ ਵਰਗ Review
The learner understands and practises ਪ ਵਰਗ Review.
ਪ ਵਰਗ
| Letter | Name | | ------ | ---- | | ਪ | ਪੱਪਾ | | ਫ | ਫੱਫਾ | | ਬ | ਬੱਬਾ | | ਭ | ਭੱਬਾ | | ਮ | ਮੰਮਾ |
Group feature
These sounds mainly use the lips.
ਪ ਵਰਗ
ਪ ਫ ਬ ਭ ਮ ਦੀ ਦੁਹਰਾਈ
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Listen:
ਪ ਫ ਬ ਭ ਮ ਦੀ ਦੁਹਰਾਈ
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Listen:
ਪ, ਫ, ਬ, ਭ, ਮ
Listen to their names.
Then hear them in random order.
Compare
- ਪ / ਫ
- ਬ / ਭ
- ਬ / ਮ
- ਨ / ਮ
Say:
ਪੱਪਾ, ਫੱਫਾ, ਬੱਬਾ, ਭੱਬਾ, ਮੰਮਾ
Practise:
ਪ — ਫ
ਬ — ਭ
ਬ — ਮ
Use approved spoken model for ਭ.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 29-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
Copy:
ਪ ਫ ਬ ਭ ਮ
Write three letters from spoken names.
Activity 1 — Missing letter
ਪ ਫ ___ ਭ ਮ
Correct:
ਬ
Activity 2 — Picture matching
- ਪਤੰਗ → ਪ
- ਫੁੱਲ → ਫ
- ਬਿੱਲੀ → ਬ
- ਭੇਡ → ਭ
- ਮੱਛੀ → ਮ
Activity 3 — Find the ਪ ਵਰਗ letters
Choose them from a mixed set.
Activity 4 — Native ਫ or borrowed ਫ਼?
For ਫੁੱਲ, choose:
ਫ
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Use five cards.
Mix and identify them in random order.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises ਪ ਵਰਗ Review.
Help the learner practise ਪ ਵਰਗ Review in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning ਪ ਵਰਗ Review. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises ਪ ਵਰਗ Review.The learner understands and practises ਪ ਵਰਗ Review.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਪਪ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਪ?ਪੱਪਾ; sound p
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Use five cards.
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
19 Sound Contrast Laboratory
The learner understands and practises Sound Contrast Laboratory.
Back-tongue group
ਟ ਠ ਡ ਢ ਣ
Forward-tongue group
ਤ ਥ ਦ ਧ ਨ
Key contrasts
- ਟ / ਤ
- ਠ / ਥ
- ਡ / ਦ
- ਢ / ਧ
- ਣ / ਨ
Air contrast
- ਟ / ਠ
- ਤ / ਥ
- ਪ / ਫ
Tonal letters
- ਢ
- ਧ
- ਭ
These require careful spoken model imitation.
Do not reduce them to English spellings.
Back-tongue group
ਟ ਵਰਗ ਅਤੇ ਤ ਵਰਗ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Pair 1
ਟ ਵਰਗ ਅਤੇ ਤ ਵਰਗ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Pair 1
ਟ — ਤ
Choose which sound uses the tongue farther back.
Correct:
ਟ
Pair 2
ਠ — ਥ
Choose which sound is forward near the teeth.
Correct:
ਥ
Pair 3
ਡ — ਦ
Choose which sound is retroflex.
Correct:
ਡ
Pair 4
ਣ — ਨ
Choose which sound is dental or forward.
Correct:
ਨ
Pair 5
ਪ — ਫ
Choose which sound releases more air.
Correct:
ਫ
Repeat slowly:
ਟ — ਤ
ਠ — ਥ
ਡ — ਦ
ਣ — ਨ
ਪ — ਫ
Then repeat at normal speed.
Mouth-position practice
For each pair:
- Watch the animation.
- Listen once.
- Repeat once.
- Listen again.
- Repeat naturally.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 38-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
Write each contrast pair:
- ਟ ਤ
- ਠ ਥ
- ਡ ਦ
- ਢ ਧ
- ਣ ਨ
- ਪ ਫ
- ਬ ਭ
Circle the letter named by the spoken model.
Activity 1 — Sort by tongue position
Back
- ਟ
- ਠ
- ਡ
- ਢ
- ਣ
Forward
- ਤ
- ਥ
- ਦ
- ਧ
- ਨ
Activity 2 — Listen and choose
Play 10 mixed sounds.
The child selects the correct letter.
Activity 3 — Picture-word contrast
Match:
- ਟਮਾਟਰ → ਟ
- ਤਿਤਲੀ → ਤ
- ਠੰਢ → ਠ
- ਥਾਲੀ → ਥ
- ਡੱਬਾ → ਡ
- ਦਾਲ → ਦ
- ਪਾਣੀ → ਣ sound inside
- ਨੱਕ → ਨ
Activity 4 — More air
Choose the aspirated member:
- ਟ / ਠ
- ਤ / ਥ
- ਪ / ਫ
Activity 5 — Tonal-letter listening
Listen to:
- ਢੋਲ
- ਧਾਗਾ
- ਭੇਡ
The child identifies the opening letter.
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Practise only three pairs:
- ਟ / ਤ
- ਡ / ਦ
- ਣ / ਨ
Then practise:
- ਪ / ਫ
Keep the activity under five minutes.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises Sound Contrast Laboratory.
Help the learner practise Sound Contrast Laboratory in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning Sound Contrast Laboratory. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises Sound Contrast Laboratory.The learner understands and practises Sound Contrast Laboratory.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਟਟ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਟ?ਟੈਂਕਾ; sound ṭ
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Practise only three pairs:
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.
20 Level 4 Mastery Review
The learner understands and practises Level 4 Mastery Review.
Letters learned
ਟ ਠ ਡ ਢ ਣ ਤ ਥ ਦ ਧ ਨ ਪ ਫ ਬ ਭ ਮ
Letter names
- ਟ — ਟੈਂਕਾ
- ਠ — ਠੱਠਾ
- ਡ — ਡੱਡਾ
- ਢ — ਢੱਡਾ
- ਣ — ਣਾਣਾ
- ਤ — ਤੱਤਾ
- ਥ — ਥੱਥਾ
- ਦ — ਦੱਦਾ
- ਧ — ਧੱਦਾ
- ਨ — ਨੰਨਾ
- ਪ — ਪੱਪਾ
- ਫ — ਫੱਫਾ
- ਬ — ਬੱਬਾ
- ਭ — ਭੱਬਾ
- ਮ — ਮੰਮਾ
Letters learned
ਅਗਲੇ ਪੰਦਰਾਂ ਅੱਖਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਦੁਹਰਾਈ
Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.
Letter-name recognition
ਅਗਲੇ ਪੰਦਰਾਂ ਅੱਖਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਦੁਹਰਾਈ
Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.
Letter-name recognition
The app plays a letter name.
The child selects the correct letter.
Sound recognition
Use clear consonants:
- ਟ
- ਠ
- ਡ
- ਣ
- ਤ
- ਥ
- ਦ
- ਨ
- ਪ
- ਫ
- ਬ
- ਮ
Use carefully reviewed word-level spoken model for:
- ਢ
- ਧ
- ਭ
Say in group order:
ਟੈਂਕਾ, ਠੱਠਾ, ਡੱਡਾ, ਢੱਡਾ, ਣਾਣਾ
ਤੱਤਾ, ਥੱਥਾ, ਦੱਦਾ, ਧੱਦਾ, ਨੰਨਾ
ਪੱਪਾ, ਫੱਫਾ, ਬੱਬਾ, ਭੱਬਾ, ਮੰਮਾ
Random naming
The app shows one letter at a time.
The child says its name.
Pothi-added: point to and identify the complete 40-item lesson set; formal decoding begins when the source level requires it.
Part 1 — Copy by group
ਟ ਠ ਡ ਢ ਣ ਤ ਥ ਦ ਧ ਨ ਪ ਫ ਬ ਭ ਮ
Part 2 — Write from name
The app says:
ਨੰਨਾ
The child writes:
ਨ
Part 3 — Write from memory
Write:
- One ਟ ਵਰਗ letter
- One ਤ ਵਰਗ letter
- One ਪ ਵਰਗ letter
- One chosen difficult letter
Part 4 — Contrast writing
Write:
- ਟ ਤ
- ਡ ਦ
- ਣ ਨ
- ਪ ਫ
- ਬ ਭ
Activity 1 — Random recognition
Show all letters in random order.
Do not display them only in their traditional rows.
Activity 2 — Missing letters
ਟ ਠ ਡ ___ ਣ
Correct:
ਢ
ਤ ___ ਦ ਧ ਨ
Correct:
ਥ
ਪ ਫ ਬ ___ ਮ
Correct:
ਭ
Activity 3 — Picture and sound matching
- ਟਮਾਟਰ → ਟ
- ਠੰਢ → ਠ
- ਡੱਬਾ → ਡ
- ਢੋਲ → ਢ
- ਪਾਣੀ → ਣ
- ਤਿਤਲੀ → ਤ
- ਥਾਲੀ → ਥ
- ਦਾਲ → ਦ
- ਧਾਗਾ → ਧ
- ਨੱਕ → ਨ
- ਪਤੰਗ → ਪ
- ਫੁੱਲ → ਫ
- ਬਿੱਲੀ → ਬ
- ਭੇਡ → ਭ
- ਮੱਛੀ → ਮ
Activity 4 — Group sorting
ਟ ਵਰਗ
ਟ ਠ ਡ ਢ ਣ
ਤ ਵਰਗ
ਤ ਥ ਦ ਧ ਨ
ਪ ਵਰਗ
ਪ ਫ ਬ ਭ ਮ
Activity 5 — Difficult pairs
- ਟ / ਤ
- ਠ / ਥ
- ਡ / ਦ
- ਢ / ਧ
- ਣ / ਨ
- ਪ / ਫ
- ਬ / ਭ
Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.
Choose the five letters the child found hardest.
For each letter:
- Listen to the name.
- Say the name.
- Find it among three letters.
- Trace it in the air.
- Write it once.
- Say one picture word or example word.
Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.
The learner understands and practises Level 4 Mastery Review.
Help the learner practise Level 4 Mastery Review in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.
Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.
Say: 'Today we are learning Level 4 Mastery Review. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.
Check yourself
- What is the main goal of this lesson: The learner understands and practises Level 4 Mastery Review.The learner understands and practises Level 4 Mastery Review.
- Identify or use this lesson item: ਅਗਲੇਅਗਲੇ
- What reviewed meaning is attached to ਅਗਲੇ?
- What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
- What is one activity you can repeat at home?Choose the five letters the child found hardest.
- How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.