Level 8 · Complete Gurmukhi Master | ਪੂਰੀ ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਦਾ ਮਾਹਰ

Complete Gurmukhi System

ਪੂਰੀ ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ

24 lessons

1 What Is a Nasal Sound?

Learn

The child understands what nasalisation is before learning ਬਿੰਦੀ and ਟਿੱਪੀ.

Explanation

Some Punjabi sounds use the mouth and nose together. These are called: ਨੱਕੀ ਧੁਨੀਆਂ Compare: ਆ ਆਂ The second sound includes nasal resonance. Feel the difference Say: ਆ Then say: ਆਂ The child may feel gentle vibration around the nose. Nasal sound is not always ਨ or ਮ A nasal sign does not automatically mean that a full ਨ or ਮ is spoken. The exact sound depends on:

The vowel
The following sound
The word
Natural Punjabi pronunciation

⸻

Example

Some Punjabi sounds use the mouth and nose together.

Word

ਨੱਕੀ ਧੁਨੀ ਕੀ ਹੈ?

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen to:

Script focus

ਨੱਕੀ ਧੁਨੀ ਕੀ ਹੈ?

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen to:

ਆ / ਆਂ
ਮਾ / ਮਾਂ
ਮੈ / ਮੈਂ
ਗੇਦ / ਗੇਂਦ

Some first forms may be sound practice rather than real words. Listen to real words:

ਮਾਂ
ਮੈਂ
ਗੇਂਦ
ਅੰਬ
ਸਿੰਘ

⸻

Speak

Repeat: ਆ — ਆਂ ਮਾ — ਮਾਂ ਮੈ — ਮੈਂ Repeat the words:

ਮਾਂ
ਮੈਂ
ਗੇਂਦ
ਅੰਬ

Do not pinch the nose tightly.

⸻

Read

Look at the signs: ਂ — ਬਿੰਦੀ ੰ — ਟਿੱਪੀ Both can show nasal sound. The next lessons explain where they are used.

⸻

Write

Trace:

Place each sign above a large practice letter. At this stage, focus on shape and position rather than spelling rules.

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Nasal or not? spoken model: ਮਾਂ Correct: Nasal spoken model: ਮਾ Correct: Not nasal Activity 2 — Feel the vibration Say: ਮੈਂ Choose:

I felt vibration
I am unsure

Both may continue. Activity 3 — Find the nasal sign Choose the word containing a nasal sign:

ਮਾਂ
ਮਾ

Correct: ਮਾਂ

⸻

More practice

Pothi-added learning layer: retrieval warm-up, mixed recognition, one meaningful production task, correction-and-retry, a printable practice table, and age-adjusted student and parent delivery. Supplied lesson wording is retained in the Preserved Source Lesson component.

At home

Practise:

ਮਾ / ਮਾਂ
ਮੈ / ਮੈਂ
ਗੇਦ / ਗੇਂਦ

Use official spoken model.

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child understands what nasalisation is before learning ਬਿੰਦੀ and ਟਿੱਪੀ.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise What Is a Nasal Sound? in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning What Is a Nasal Sound?. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child understands what nasalisation is before learning ਬਿੰਦੀ and ਟਿੱਪੀ.The child understands what nasalisation is before learning ਬਿੰਦੀ and ਟਿੱਪੀ.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਨੱਕੀਨੱਕੀ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਨੱਕੀ?
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Practise:
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

2 Bindi

Learn

The child recognises, reads and writes ਬਿੰਦੀ.

Explanation

Today’s sign ਂ Name ਬਿੰਦੀ ਬਿੰਦੀ appears above a vowel-bearing letter. It adds a nasal sound. Examples

ਮਾਂ
ਮੈਂ
ਗੇਂਦ
ਸੂੰਡ
ਗੋਂਦ
ਕਾਂ

Common teaching pattern ਬਿੰਦੀ is commonly used with longer vowel patterns such as:

ਕੰਨਾ
ਬਿਹਾਰੀ
ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜ
ਲਾਂਵਾਂ
ਦੁਲਾਂਵਾਂ
ਹੋੜਾ
ਕਨੌੜਾ

Children should learn the spelling through real words, not only through a memorised rule.

⸻

Example

Today’s sign

Word

ਬਿੰਦੀ — ਂ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen to:

Script focus

ਬਿੰਦੀ — ਂ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen to:

ਮਾ / ਮਾਂ
ਮੈ / ਮੈਂ
ਗੇਦ / ਗੇਂਦ
ਸੂਡ / ਸੂੰਡ
ਕਾ / ਕਾਂ

Then listen to the full words naturally.

⸻

Speak

Repeat:

ਮਾਂ
ਮੈਂ
ਗੇਂਦ
ਸੂੰਡ
ਕਾਂ

Keep the nasal sound natural. Do not add a separate full ਨ after every ਬਿੰਦੀ.

⸻

Read

Guided words

ਮਾਂ
ਮੈਂ
ਕਾਂ
ਗੇਂਦ
ਸੂੰਡ
ਗੋਂਦ

Matra identification In ਮਾਂ:

ਮ
ਕੰਨਾ
ਬਿੰਦੀ

In ਮੈਂ:

ਮ
ਦੁਲਾਂਵਾਂ
ਬਿੰਦੀ

⸻

Write

Copy:

ਮਾਂ
ਮੈਂ
ਕਾਂ
ਗੇਂਦ

Placement ਬਿੰਦੀ is written above the vowel-bearing section. Do not place it beside the word or after it.

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Add ਬਿੰਦੀ ਮਾ + ਂ Correct: ਮਾਂ Activity 2 — Find ਬਿੰਦੀ

ਮੈਂ
ਮੈ
ਮਨ

Correct: ਮੈਂ Activity 3 — Match

ਮਾਂ — mother
ਗੇਂਦ — ball
ਕਾਂ — crow
ਸੂੰਡ — trunk

Activity 4 — Nasal or non-nasal Choose the word matching the spoken model.

⸻

More practice

At home

Read:

ਮਾਂ
ਮੈਂ
ਗੇਂਦ
ਕਾਂ

Circle ਬਿੰਦੀ in each word.

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child recognises, reads and writes ਬਿੰਦੀ.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise Bindi in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning Bindi. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child recognises, reads and writes ਬਿੰਦੀ.The child recognises, reads and writes ਬਿੰਦੀ.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਬਿੰਦੀਬਿੰਦੀ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਬਿੰਦੀ?nasal mark
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Read:
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

3 Tippi

Learn

The child recognises, reads and writes ਟਿੱਪੀ.

Explanation

Today’s sign ੰ Name ਟਿੱਪੀ ਟਿੱਪੀ appears above the vowel-bearing letter. It adds a nasal sound. Examples

ਅੰਬ
ਅੰਗ
ਸਿੰਘ
ਲੰਬਾ
ਸੰਤ
ਸੰਗਤ

Common teaching pattern ਟਿੱਪੀ is commonly used with:

ਮੁਕਤਾ
ਸਿਹਾਰੀ
ਔਂਕੜ

The child should still learn correct spelling word by word.

⸻

Example

Today’s sign

Word

ਟਿੱਪੀ — ੰ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen to:

Script focus

ਟਿੱਪੀ — ੰ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen to:

ਅਬ / ਅੰਬ
ਅਗ / ਅੰਗ
ਸਿਘ / ਸਿੰਘ
ਲਬਾ / ਲੰਬਾ

Some non-nasal forms are sound demonstrations rather than standard words. Listen to the real words naturally:

ਅੰਬ
ਅੰਗ
ਸਿੰਘ
ਲੰਬਾ
ਸੰਗਤ

⸻

Speak

Repeat:

ਅੰਬ
ਅੰਗ
ਸਿੰਘ
ਲੰਬਾ
ਸੰਗਤ

Do not force the same nasal consonant in every word. Follow the complete word spoken model.

⸻

Read

Read:

ਅੰਬ
ਅੰਗ
ਸੰਤ
ਸਿੰਘ
ਲੰਬਾ
ਸੰਗਤ

Word building ਅ + ੰ + ਬ = ਅੰਬ ਅ + ੰ + ਗ = ਅੰਗ ਸਿ + ੰ + ਘ = ਸਿੰਘ

⸻

Write

Copy:

ਅੰਬ
ਅੰਗ
ਸਿੰਘ
ਲੰਬਾ

Placement ਟਿੱਪੀ sits above the vowel-bearing part.

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Add ਟਿੱਪੀ ਅਬ → ਅੰਬ Activity 2 — Find ਟਿੱਪੀ

ਅੰਬ
ਮਾਂ
ਗੇਂਦ

Correct: ਅੰਬ Activity 3 — Match

ਅੰਬ — mango
ਸਿੰਘ — lion or the name Singh
ਲੰਬਾ — long or tall
ਸੰਗਤ — congregation or company

Activity 4 — Hear and choose Choose the correctly nasalised word.

⸻

More practice

At home

Read:

ਅੰਬ
ਅੰਗ
ਸਿੰਘ
ਲੰਬਾ

Find ਟਿੱਪੀ in each word.

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child recognises, reads and writes ਟਿੱਪੀ.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise Tippi in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning Tippi. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child recognises, reads and writes ਟਿੱਪੀ.The child recognises, reads and writes ਟਿੱਪੀ.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਟਿੱਪੀਟਿੱਪੀ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਟਿੱਪੀ?nasal mark
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Read:
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

4 Bindi and Tippi

Learn

The child distinguishes the two nasal signs in reading and spelling.

Explanation

Bindi ਂ Examples:

ਮਾਂ
ਮੈਂ
ਗੇਂਦ
ਕਾਂ

Tippi ੰ Examples:

ਅੰਬ
ਅੰਗ
ਸਿੰਘ
ਲੰਬਾ

Simple pattern ਟਿੱਪੀ commonly follows

ਮੁਕਤਾ
ਸਿਹਾਰੀ
ਔਂਕੜ

ਬਿੰਦੀ commonly follows

ਕੰਨਾ
ਬਿਹਾਰੀ
ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜ
ਲਾਂਵਾਂ
ਦੁਲਾਂਵਾਂ
ਹੋੜਾ
ਕਨੌੜਾ

Later reading will introduce recognised exceptions and specialised spellings.

⸻

Example

Bindi

Word

ਬਿੰਦੀ ਅਤੇ ਟਿੱਪੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਫ਼ਰਕ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen to mixed words:

Script focus

ਬਿੰਦੀ ਅਤੇ ਟਿੱਪੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਫ਼ਰਕ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen to mixed words:

ਮਾਂ
ਅੰਬ
ਮੈਂ
ਸਿੰਘ
ਗੇਂਦ
ਅੰਗ
ਕਾਂ
ਲੰਬਾ

The child selects:

ਬਿੰਦੀ
ਟਿੱਪੀ

⸻

Speak

Read the pairs: ਮਾਂ — ਅੰਬ ਮੈਂ — ਸਿੰਘ ਗੇਂਦ — ਅੰਗ The aim is natural word pronunciation, not saying the sign name inside the word.

⸻

Read

Bindi words

ਮਾਂ
ਮੈਂ
ਗੇਂਦ
ਕਾਂ
ਸੂੰਡ

Tippi words

ਅੰਬ
ਅੰਗ
ਸਿੰਘ
ਲੰਬਾ
ਸੰਗਤ

Mixed list ਮਾਂ ਅੰਗ ਮੈਂ ਅੰਬ ਗੇਂਦ ਸਿੰਘ

⸻

Write

Add the correct nasal sign:

ਮਾ_
ਅ_ਬ
ਮੈ_
ਸਿ_ਘ

Correct:

ਮਾਂ
ਅੰਬ
ਮੈਂ
ਸਿੰਘ

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Sort the words Under:

ਬਿੰਦੀ
ਟਿੱਪੀ

Activity 2 — Correct the sign Replace an incorrect ਬਿੰਦੀ with ਟਿੱਪੀ or vice versa. Activity 3 — Hear and spell Activity 4 — Matra clue Identify the vowel pattern before choosing the nasal sign.

⸻

More practice

At home

Use two cards:

Say one word. The child chooses the correct sign.

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child distinguishes the two nasal signs in reading and spelling.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise Bindi and Tippi in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning Bindi and Tippi. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child distinguishes the two nasal signs in reading and spelling.The child distinguishes the two nasal signs in reading and spelling.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਬਿੰਦੀਬਿੰਦੀ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਬਿੰਦੀ?nasal mark
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Use two cards:
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

5 Nasal Sound in Words

Learn

The child reads nasalised words accurately and understands that nasalisation can affect meaning and spelling.

Explanation

Adding a nasal sign changes the sound of a written form. Compare:

ਮਾ / ਮਾਂ
ਮੈ / ਮੈਂ
ਗੇਦ / ਗੇਂਦ
ਅਬ / ਅੰਬ

Not every non-nasal form is a complete Punjabi word. The comparison helps the child hear what the sign changes. Important idea A missing nasal sign can:

Change the pronunciation
Change the spelling
Create a different word
Create a form that is not a word

⸻

Example

Adding a nasal sign changes the sound of a written form.

Word

ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਨੱਕੀ ਧੁਨੀ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen to the correct words:

Script focus

ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਨੱਕੀ ਧੁਨੀ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen to the correct words:

ਮਾਂ
ਮੈਂ
ਗੇਂਦ
ਅੰਬ
ਅੰਗ
ਸਿੰਘ
ਸੂੰਡ
ਕਾਂ

Then hear selected versions without nasalisation. Choose the natural Punjabi word.

⸻

Speak

Repeat each word:

Slowly
Naturally

Do not over-hold the nasal sound.

⸻

Read

Short words

ਮਾਂ
ਮੈਂ
ਕਾਂ
ਅੰਬ
ਅੰਗ

Longer words

ਗੇਂਦ
ਸਿੰਘ
ਸੂੰਡ
ਲੰਬਾ
ਸੰਗਤ

Short phrases

ਲਾਲ ਗੇਂਦ
ਲੰਬਾ ਰਾਹ
ਮੇਰੀ ਮਾਂ
ਕਾਲਾ ਕਾਂ

⸻

Write

Hear and write:

ਮਾਂ
ਮੈਂ
ਅੰਬ
ਗੇਂਦ
ਸਿੰਘ

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Nasal detective Find every nasal sign in a word list. Activity 2 — Sign and matra Name the matra and nasal sign in:

ਮੈਂ
ਗੇਂਦ
ਸਿੰਘ

Activity 3 — Read without pictures Activity 4 — Correct the missing sign

⸻

More practice

At home

Read four nasal words. Then cover the word and spell it aloud using:

Main letters
Matra
Nasal sign

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child reads nasalised words accurately and understands that nasalisation can affect meaning and spelling.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise Nasal Sound in Words in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning Nasal Sound in Words. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child reads nasalised words accurately and understands that nasalisation can affect meaning and spelling.The child reads nasalised words accurately and understands that nasalisation can affect meaning and spelling.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ?
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Read four nasal words.
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

6 What Is Adhak?

Learn

The child understands that ਅੱਧਕ doubles or strengthens the consonant that follows it.

Explanation

Today’s sign ੱ Name ਅੱਧਕ ਅੱਧਕ is written above the letter before the consonant that is doubled. Example ਪਤਾ Address, information or knowledge ਪੱਤਾ Leaf In ਪੱਤਾ, ਅੱਧਕ is placed over ਪ, but the following ਤ is doubled: ਪੱ-ਤਾ More examples

ਬੱਚਾ
ਕੱਚਾ
ਪੱਕਾ
ਸੱਤ
ਹੱਥ
ਅੱਖ

⸻

Example

Today’s sign

Word

ਅੱਧਕ ਕੀ ਹੈ?

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen:

Script focus

ਅੱਧਕ ਕੀ ਹੈ?

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen:

ਪਤਾ / ਪੱਤਾ
ਕਚਾ / ਕੱਚਾ
ਪਕਾ / ਪੱਕਾ
ਹਥ / ਹੱਥ

The first item in some pairs may be a different word or a non-standard spelling. The purpose is to hear consonant doubling.

⸻

Speak

Repeat: ਪਤਾ — ਪੱਤਾ ਪਕਾ — ਪੱਕਾ ਹਥ — ਹੱਥ Pause slightly before releasing the doubled consonant. Do not add a separate vowel between the doubled sounds.

⸻

Read

Read:

ਪੱਤਾ
ਬੱਚਾ
ਕੱਚਾ
ਪੱਕਾ
ਸੱਤ
ਹੱਥ
ਅੱਖ

Word analysis In ਬੱਚਾ:

ਅੱਧਕ appears over ਬ.
ਚ is doubled.

In ਹੱਥ:

ਅੱਧਕ appears over ਹ.
ਥ is doubled.

⸻

Write

Copy:

ਪੱਤਾ
ਬੱਚਾ
ਪੱਕਾ
ਹੱਥ

Placement ਅੱਧਕ is written above the preceding letter.

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Add ਅੱਧਕ ਪਤਾ → ਪੱਤਾ Activity 2 — Find ਅੱਧਕ

ਬੱਚਾ
ਬਚਾ
ਬੱਚੀ

Select every word containing ਅੱਧਕ. Activity 3 — Which consonant doubles? In ਪੱਤਾ: ਤ Activity 4 — Match word and picture

ਪੱਤਾ — leaf
ਬੱਚਾ — child
ਹੱਥ — hand
ਅੱਖ — eye

⸻

More practice

At home

Practise:

ਪਤਾ / ਪੱਤਾ
ਹਥ / ਹੱਥ
ਪਕਾ / ਪੱਕਾ

Use official spoken model.

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child understands that ਅੱਧਕ doubles or strengthens the consonant that follows it.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise What Is Adhak? in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning What Is Adhak?. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child understands that ਅੱਧਕ doubles or strengthens the consonant that follows it.The child understands that ਅੱਧਕ doubles or strengthens the consonant that follows it.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਅੱਧਕਅੱਧਕ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਅੱਧਕ?
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Practise:
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

7 Hear the Doubled Consonant

Learn

The child hears the difference between single and doubled consonants.

Explanation

A doubled consonant is held or closed slightly more strongly. Compare: ਪਤਾ ਪੱਤਾ The second word contains a stronger ਤ sound. Listening method

Listen to the whole word.
Listen to the middle sound.
Repeat slowly.
Read the complete word naturally.

⸻

Example

A doubled consonant is held or closed slightly more strongly.

Word

ਦੁੱਗਣੀ ਧੁਨੀ ਸੁਣੋ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen to:

Script focus

ਦੁੱਗਣੀ ਧੁਨੀ ਸੁਣੋ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen to:

ਪਤਾ / ਪੱਤਾ
ਸਤਾ / ਸੱਤਾ
ਪਕਾ / ਪੱਕਾ
ਬਚਾ / ਬੱਚਾ
ਹਥ / ਹੱਥ

Some comparison forms are pronunciation demonstrations rather than recommended spellings.

⸻

Speak

Repeat:

ਪੱਤਾ
ਪੱਕਾ
ਬੱਚਾ
ਹੱਥ
ਅੱਖ
ਸੱਤ

Use a gentle hand tap to mark the doubled consonant.

⸻

Read

Doubled words

ਪੱਤਾ
ਬੱਚਾ
ਪੱਕਾ
ਕੱਚਾ
ਸੱਤ
ਹੱਥ
ਅੱਖ
ਛੱਤ

Spoken parts ਪੱ — ਤਾ ਬੱ — ਚਾ ਪੱ — ਕਾ ਅੱ — ਖ

⸻

Write

Underline the doubled consonant:

ਪੱਤਾ
ਬੱਚਾ
ਹੱਥ
ਅੱਖ

Then copy the full words.

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Single or doubled? spoken model: ਪੱਤਾ Correct: Doubled Activity 2 — Tap the doubled part Activity 3 — Choose the correct spelling spoken model: ਬੱਚਾ Options:

ਬਚਾ
ਬੱਚਾ

Correct: ਬੱਚਾ

⸻

More practice

At home

Say three words with ਅੱਧਕ. Tap once when the doubled consonant is heard.

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child hears the difference between single and doubled consonants.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise Hear the Doubled Consonant in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning Hear the Doubled Consonant. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child hears the difference between single and doubled consonants.The child hears the difference between single and doubled consonants.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਦੁੱਗਣੀਦੁੱਗਣੀ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਦੁੱਗਣੀ?
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Say three words with ਅੱਧਕ.
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

8 Single and Doubled Forms

Learn

The child distinguishes single-consonant and ਅੱਧਕ spellings.

Explanation

Real meaning contrast ਪਤਾ May mean:

Address
Information
Knowledge

ਪੱਤਾ Means:

Leaf

A small sign changes the word. Spelling contrast Correct:

ਬੱਚਾ
ਪੱਕਾ
ਹੱਥ

Incorrect spellings may sound incomplete:

ਬਚਾ
ਪਕਾ
ਹਥ

⸻

Example

Real meaning contrast

Word

ਇਕੱਲੀ ਅਤੇ ਦੁੱਗਣੀ ਧੁਨੀ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen to sentence contexts:

Script focus

ਇਕੱਲੀ ਅਤੇ ਦੁੱਗਣੀ ਧੁਨੀ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen to sentence contexts: ਮੈਨੂੰ ਘਰ ਦਾ ਪਤਾ ਪਤਾ ਹੈ। Use a clearer natural sentence in production: ਮੈਨੂੰ ਘਰ ਦਾ ਪਤਾ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਹਰਾ ਪੱਤਾ ਹੈ। Hear which word contains ਅੱਧਕ.

⸻

Speak

Repeat: ਪਤਾ ਪੱਤਾ Repeat the sentences: ਮੈਨੂੰ ਪਤਾ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਹਰਾ ਪੱਤਾ ਹੈ।

⸻

Read

Read:

ਪਤਾ
ਪੱਤਾ
ਬੱਚਾ
ਪੱਕਾ
ਕੱਚਾ
ਸੱਤ
ਛੱਤ
ਹੱਥ

⸻

Write

Complete from picture or spoken model:

ਪ_ਤਾ
ਬ_ਚਾ
ਪ_ਕਾ
ਹ_ਥ

Correct:

ਪੱਤਾ
ਬੱਚਾ
ਪੱਕਾ
ਹੱਥ

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Match meaning

ਪਤਾ — address or information
ਪੱਤਾ — leaf

Activity 2 — Add or remove ਅੱਧਕ Activity 3 — Find the misspelling Activity 4 — Read in a sentence

⸻

More practice

At home

Draw or show:

An address
A leaf

Ask the child to choose:

ਪਤਾ
ਪੱਤਾ

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child distinguishes single-consonant and ਅੱਧਕ spellings.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise Single and Doubled Forms in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning Single and Doubled Forms. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child distinguishes single-consonant and ਅੱਧਕ spellings.The child distinguishes single-consonant and ਅੱਧਕ spellings.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਇਕੱਲੀਇਕੱਲੀ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਇਕੱਲੀ?
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Draw or show:
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

9 Adhak Spelling Practice

Learn

The child reads and spells common words containing ਅੱਧਕ.

Explanation

Common ਅੱਧਕ words

ਪੱਤਾ
ਬੱਚਾ
ਬੱਚੀ
ਕੱਚਾ
ਪੱਕਾ
ਸੱਤ
ਛੱਤ
ਹੱਥ
ਅੱਖ
ਕੁੱਤਾ

Spelling steps For ਕੁੱਤਾ:

Write ਕੁ.
Add ਅੱਧਕ above ਕੁ.
Write ਤਾ.
Read ਕੁੱਤਾ.

⸻

Example

Common ਅੱਧਕ words

Word

ਅੱਧਕ ਵਾਲੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਲਿਖੋ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen to each word:

Script focus

ਅੱਧਕ ਵਾਲੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਲਿਖੋ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen to each word:

Slow segmented spoken model
Natural spoken model
Sentence spoken model

Example: ਕੁੱਤਾ ਦੌੜ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ। The sentence may contain grammar not yet analysed, but meaning is supported by a picture.

⸻

Speak

Repeat:

ਕੁੱਤਾ
ਬੱਚਾ
ਪੱਤਾ
ਹੱਥ
ਅੱਖ

⸻

Read

Word list ਪੱਤਾ ਬੱਚਾ ਕੱਚਾ ਪੱਕਾ ਸੱਤ ਛੱਤ ਹੱਥ ਅੱਖ ਕੁੱਤਾ Phrases

ਹਰਾ ਪੱਤਾ
ਨਿੱਕਾ ਬੱਚਾ
ਪੱਕਾ ਘਰ
ਮੇਰਾ ਹੱਥ
ਇੱਕ ਅੱਖ

The word ਨਿੱਕਾ contains ਅੱਧਕ and remains suitable after this lesson.

⸻

Write

Hear and write:

ਪੱਤਾ
ਬੱਚਾ
ਹੱਥ
ਅੱਖ
ਕੁੱਤਾ

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Build from tiles Activity 2 — Place ਅੱਧਕ Activity 3 — Find the doubled consonant Activity 4 — Match word and picture Activity 5 — Correct the spelling

⸻

More practice

At home

Choose three words. For each:

Say it.
Find ਅੱਧਕ.
Name the doubled consonant.
Write it once.

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child reads and spells common words containing ਅੱਧਕ.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise Adhak Spelling Practice in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning Adhak Spelling Practice. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child reads and spells common words containing ਅੱਧਕ.The child reads and spells common words containing ਅੱਧਕ.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਅੱਧਕਅੱਧਕ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਅੱਧਕ?
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Choose three words.
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

10 ਸ਼ ਸ਼ੱਸ਼ਾ

Learn

The child recognises, pronounces and writes ਸ਼.

Explanation

Today’s letter ਸ਼ Letter name ਸ਼ੱਸ਼ਾ Main sound ਸ਼ It represents a “sh” sound. Compare ਸ — ਸੱਸਾ ਸ਼ — ਸ਼ੱਸ਼ਾ Word examples

ਸ਼ੇਰ
ਸ਼ਹਿਰ
ਸ਼ਬਦ
ਸ਼ਰਬਤ

In some fonts, ਸ਼ may look like ਸ with a dot below.

⸻

Example

Today’s letter

Word

ਸ਼ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen:

Script focus

ਸ਼ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen: ਸ — ਸ਼ Listen to:

ਸੇਰ
ਸ਼ੇਰ
ਸਹਿਰ
ਸ਼ਹਿਰ

Only standard words should be presented as correct.

⸻

Speak

Repeat: ਸ਼ ਸ਼ੱਸ਼ਾ Repeat:

ਸ਼ੇਰ
ਸ਼ਹਿਰ
ਸ਼ਬਦ

⸻

Read

Read:

ਸ਼ੇਰ
ਸ਼ਹਿਰ
ਸ਼ਬਦ
ਸ਼ਰਬਤ

Find ਸ਼ inside mixed words.

⸻

Write

Write ਸ.
Observe the distinguishing dot.
Write ਸ਼ using the approved stroke model.

Copy:

ਸ਼ੇਰ
ਸ਼ਬਦ

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Find ਸ਼ Options: ਸ ਸ਼ ਹ ਖ਼ Activity 2 — Hear ਸ or ਸ਼ Activity 3 — Match

ਸ਼ੇਰ — lion
ਸ਼ਹਿਰ — city
ਸ਼ਬਦ — word

Activity 4 — Add the dot Change ਸ into ਸ਼.

⸻

More practice

At home

Practise: ਸ — ਸ਼ Read:

ਸੇਬ
ਸ਼ੇਰ

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child recognises, pronounces and writes ਸ਼.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise ਸ਼ ਸ਼ੱਸ਼ਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning ਸ਼ ਸ਼ੱਸ਼ਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child recognises, pronounces and writes ਸ਼.The child recognises, pronounces and writes ਸ਼.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਸ਼ਸ਼
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਸ਼?sh sound; compare with ਸ
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Practise:
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

11 ਖ਼ ਖ਼ੱਖ਼ਾ

Learn

The child recognises ਖ਼ and distinguishes it from ਖ.

Explanation

Today’s letter ਖ਼ Letter name ਖ਼ੱਖ਼ਾ Sound A deeper sound than ordinary ਖ in careful pronunciation. Many Punjabi speakers merge the sound with ਖ in everyday speech. Pothi teaches the distinction for:

Accurate reading
Dictionary use
Names
Borrowed words
Search

Examples

ਖ਼ੁਸ਼
ਖ਼ਤ
ਖ਼ਬਰ
ਖ਼ਰਗੋਸ਼

⸻

Example

Today’s letter

Word

ਖ਼ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen:

Script focus

ਖ਼ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen: ਖ — ਖ਼ Listen to:

ਖੇਤ
ਖ਼ਤ
ਖ਼ੁਸ਼
ਖ਼ਬਰ

⸻

Speak

Repeat after the spoken model: ਖ਼ ਖ਼ੱਖ਼ਾ Repeat:

ਖ਼ੁਸ਼
ਖ਼ਤ
ਖ਼ਬਰ

Do not force the throat.

⸻

Read

Read:

ਖ਼ੁਸ਼
ਖ਼ਤ
ਖ਼ਬਰ
ਖ਼ਰਗੋਸ਼

The app may accept common dotless spellings in search where appropriate, while teaching the differentiated form.

⸻

Write

Write: ਖ ਖ਼ Copy:

ਖ਼ਤ
ਖ਼ੁਸ਼

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Find ਖ਼ Activity 2 — Add the dot Change ਖ into ਖ਼. Activity 3 — Word match Activity 4 — Recognise spelling variants Show that some texts may use ਖ where ਖ਼ is expected.

⸻

More practice

At home

Find the dot in:

ਖ਼ੁਸ਼
ਖ਼ਤ
ਖ਼ਬਰ

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child recognises ਖ਼ and distinguishes it from ਖ.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise ਖ਼ ਖ਼ੱਖ਼ਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning ਖ਼ ਖ਼ੱਖ਼ਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child recognises ਖ਼ and distinguishes it from ਖ.The child recognises ਖ਼ and distinguishes it from ਖ.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਖ਼ਖ਼
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਖ਼?borrowed kh/x sound
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Find the dot in:
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

12 ਗ਼ ਗ਼ੱਗ਼ਾ

Learn

The child recognises ਗ਼ and distinguishes it from ਗ.

Explanation

Today’s letter ਗ਼ Letter name ਗ਼ੱਗ਼ਾ Sound A borrowed sound represented by ਗ with a dot. Many speakers pronounce it like ordinary ਗ. Examples

ਗ਼ਰੀਬ
ਗ਼ੁਲਾਮ
ਗ਼ਜ਼ਲ

Different publications may omit the dot in common usage. Pothi should recognise both forms in search but retain an editorial spelling standard.

⸻

Example

Today’s letter

Word

ਗ਼ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen:

Script focus

ਗ਼ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen: ਗ — ਗ਼ Listen to:

ਗੱਡੀ
ਗ਼ਰੀਬ
ਗ਼ੁਲਾਮ
ਗ਼ਜ਼ਲ

⸻

Speak

Repeat after the spoken model: ਗ਼ ਗ਼ੱਗ਼ਾ Repeat:

ਗ਼ਰੀਬ
ਗ਼ੁਲਾਮ
ਗ਼ਜ਼ਲ

⸻

Read

Read:

ਗ਼ਰੀਬ
ਗ਼ੁਲਾਮ
ਗ਼ਜ਼ਲ

Recognise ਗ਼ inside mixed text.

⸻

Write

Write: ਗ ਗ਼ Copy:

ਗ਼ਰੀਬ
ਗ਼ਜ਼ਲ

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Add the dot Activity 2 — ਗ or ਗ਼? Activity 3 — Match word and spoken model Activity 4 — Variant spelling awareness

⸻

More practice

At home

Compare:

Circle the dot in three words.

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child recognises ਗ਼ and distinguishes it from ਗ.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise ਗ਼ ਗ਼ੱਗ਼ਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning ਗ਼ ਗ਼ੱਗ਼ਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child recognises ਗ਼ and distinguishes it from ਗ.The child recognises ਗ਼ and distinguishes it from ਗ.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਗ਼ਗ਼
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਗ਼?borrowed gh/ġ sound
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Compare:
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

13 ਜ਼ ਜ਼ੱਜ਼ਾ

Learn

The child recognises, pronounces and writes ਜ਼.

Explanation

Today’s letter ਜ਼ Letter name ਜ਼ੱਜ਼ਾ Main sound ਜ਼ Compare ਜ — ਜੱਜਾ ਜ਼ — ਜ਼ੱਜ਼ਾ Examples

ਜ਼ਮੀਨ
ਜ਼ਰੂਰ
ਜ਼ੀਰਾ
ਕਾਗ਼ਜ਼

⸻

Example

Today’s letter

Word

ਜ਼ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen:

Script focus

ਜ਼ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen: ਜ — ਜ਼ Listen to:

ਜਲ
ਜ਼ਮੀਨ
ਜ਼ਰੂਰ
ਜ਼ੀਰਾ

⸻

Speak

Repeat: ਜ਼ ਜ਼ੱਜ਼ਾ Repeat:

ਜ਼ਮੀਨ
ਜ਼ਰੂਰ
ਜ਼ੀਰਾ

⸻

Read

Read:

ਜ਼ਮੀਨ
ਜ਼ਰੂਰ
ਜ਼ੀਰਾ
ਕਾਗ਼ਜ਼

⸻

Write

Write: ਜ ਜ਼ Copy:

ਜ਼ਮੀਨ
ਜ਼ਰੂਰ

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Find ਜ਼ Activity 2 — ਜ or ਜ਼? Activity 3 — Add the dot Activity 4 — Match

ਜ਼ਮੀਨ — land
ਜ਼ੀਰਾ — cumin
ਕਾਗ਼ਜ਼ — paper

⸻

More practice

At home

Practise: ਜ — ਜ਼ Read:

ਜ਼ਮੀਨ
ਜ਼ੀਰਾ

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child recognises, pronounces and writes ਜ਼.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise ਜ਼ ਜ਼ੱਜ਼ਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning ਜ਼ ਜ਼ੱਜ਼ਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child recognises, pronounces and writes ਜ਼.The child recognises, pronounces and writes ਜ਼.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਜ਼ਜ਼
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਜ਼?z sound
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Practise:
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

14 ਫ਼ ਫ਼ੱਫ਼ਾ

Learn

The child recognises ਫ਼ and distinguishes it from ਫ.

Explanation

Today’s letter ਫ਼ Letter name ਫ਼ੱਫ਼ਾ Main sound ਫ਼ It represents the “f” sound used in borrowed words. Important contrast ਫ — aspirated ਪ sound ਫ਼ — borrowed f sound Examples with ਫ

ਫਲ
ਫੁੱਲ

Examples with ਫ਼

ਫ਼ਿਲਮ
ਫ਼ੌਜ
ਫ਼ਰਕ

⸻

Example

Today’s letter

Word

ਫ਼ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen:

Script focus

ਫ਼ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen: ਫ — ਫ਼ Listen to:

ਫਲ
ਫੁੱਲ
ਫ਼ਿਲਮ
ਫ਼ਰਕ

⸻

Speak

Repeat: ਫ — ਫ਼ For ਫ:

Both lips close first.
A puff of air follows.

For ਫ਼:

The lower lip approaches the upper teeth.

Repeat:

ਫਲ
ਫ਼ਿਲਮ
ਫ਼ਰਕ

⸻

Read

Read:

ਫਲ
ਫੁੱਲ
ਫ਼ਿਲਮ
ਫ਼ੌਜ
ਫ਼ਰਕ

⸻

Write

Write: ਫ ਫ਼ Copy:

ਫਲ
ਫ਼ਿਲਮ
ਫ਼ਰਕ

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Native or borrowed sound? Activity 2 — Find ਫ਼ Activity 3 — Add the dot Activity 4 — Choose the correct letter Fruit: ਫਲ Film: ਫ਼ਿਲਮ

⸻

More practice

At home

Practise:

ਫਲ
ਫੁੱਲ
ਫ਼ਿਲਮ
ਫ਼ਰਕ

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child recognises ਫ਼ and distinguishes it from ਫ.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise ਫ਼ ਫ਼ੱਫ਼ਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning ਫ਼ ਫ਼ੱਫ਼ਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child recognises ਫ਼ and distinguishes it from ਫ.The child recognises ਫ਼ and distinguishes it from ਫ.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਫ਼ਫ਼
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਫ਼?f sound
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Practise:
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

15 ਲ਼ ਲ਼ੱਲ਼ਾ

Learn

The child recognises the less-common letter ਲ਼ and understands its limited use.

Explanation

Today’s letter ਲ਼ Letter name ਲ਼ੱਲ਼ਾ ਲ਼ represents a retroflex lateral sound used in:

Some Punjabi dialect writing
Linguistic material
Particular names
Specialised spelling traditions

It is not common in standard everyday Punjabi spelling. Compare ਲ — ਲੱਲਾ ਲ਼ — ਲ਼ੱਲ਼ਾ For ਲ਼, the tongue moves farther back. Important spelling rule Do not replace standard ਲ with ਲ਼ unless the selected spelling standard requires it. Pothi should not force dialect spellings into standard Punjabi lessons.

⸻

Example

Today’s letter

Word

ਲ਼ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen:

Script focus

ਲ਼ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen: ਲ — ਲ਼ Hear teacher-reviewed dialect examples. The app should not invent unverified words simply to produce a picture association.

⸻

Speak

Repeat: ਲ ਲ਼ ਲ਼ੱਲ਼ਾ Sound production may remain developing.

⸻

Read

Recognise:

Find ਲ਼ in a mixed-letter grid. Any word examples must be reviewed for dialect and spelling context.

⸻

Write

Write: ਲ ਲ਼ Copy each three times.

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Find ਲ਼ Activity 2 — ਲ or ਲ਼? Activity 3 — Standard or specialised use? Choose: ਲ਼ is less common and often specialised. Activity 4 — Shape comparison

⸻

More practice

At home

Use two cards:

Listen to the names and select the correct card.

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child recognises the less-common letter ਲ਼ and understands its limited use.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise ਲ਼ ਲ਼ੱਲ਼ਾ in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning ਲ਼ ਲ਼ੱਲ਼ਾ. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child recognises the less-common letter ਲ਼ and understands its limited use.The child recognises the less-common letter ਲ਼ and understands its limited use.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਲ਼ਲ਼
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਲ਼?ḷ sound in some Punjabi usage
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Use two cards:
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

16 Additional Letters Review

Learn

The child recognises all six additional letters and their traditional base letters.

Explanation

Additional set Additional letter Base letter ਸ਼ ਸ ਖ਼ ਖ ਗ਼ ਗ ਜ਼ ਜ ਫ਼ ਫ ਲ਼ ਲ Important idea The dot changes the sound category or spelling function. ਲ਼ is a separate shape rather than simply a dotted ਲ.

⸻

Example

Additional set

Word

ਵਾਧੂ ਅੱਖਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਦੁਹਰਾਈ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen to:

Script focus

ਵਾਧੂ ਅੱਖਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਦੁਹਰਾਈ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen to:

ਸ / ਸ਼
ਖ / ਖ਼
ਗ / ਗ਼
ਜ / ਜ਼
ਫ / ਫ਼
ਲ / ਲ਼

⸻

Speak

Repeat the pairs. Sound distinctions may be stronger for:

ਸ / ਸ਼
ਜ / ਜ਼
ਫ / ਫ਼

Other pairs may merge in everyday Punjabi speech.

⸻

Read

Read:

ਸ਼ੇਰ
ਖ਼ੁਸ਼
ਗ਼ਰੀਬ
ਜ਼ਮੀਨ
ਫ਼ਿਲਮ

Recognise ਲ਼ separately.

⸻

Write

Write all six: ਸ਼ ਖ਼ ਗ਼ ਜ਼ ਫ਼ ਲ਼ Then write their base letters below them.

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Match additional and base letter Activity 2 — Add the correct dot Activity 3 — Sort words Activity 4 — Common spelling variants Recognise that some everyday writing omits dots. Activity 5 — Random recognition

⸻

More practice

At home

Review three letters at a time. Do not require perfect pronunciation of every borrowed sound.

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child recognises all six additional letters and their traditional base letters.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise Additional Letters Review in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning Additional Letters Review. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child recognises all six additional letters and their traditional base letters.The child recognises all six additional letters and their traditional base letters.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਵਾਧੂਵਾਧੂ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਵਾਧੂ?
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Review three letters at a time.
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

17 Pairī Hāhā

Learn

The child recognises the subjoined ਹ form and reads common words containing it.

Explanation

Sometimes ਹ appears below another letter. This is called: ਪੈਰੀਂ ਹਾਹਾ It is not read as a full separate ਹ in the usual way. It can influence:

Pronunciation
Tone
The sound of the surrounding letters

Common examples

ਪੜ੍ਹ
ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ
ਚੜ੍ਹ
ਚੜ੍ਹਨਾ
ਨ੍ਹਾਉਣਾ

Important note Pairī ਹ pronunciation requires careful human spoken model. The child should not rely only on Roman spelling.

⸻

Example

Sometimes ਹ appears below another letter.

Word

ਪੈਰੀਂ ਹਾਹਾ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen to:

Script focus

ਪੈਰੀਂ ਹਾਹਾ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen to:

ਪੜ੍ਹ
ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ
ਚੜ੍ਹ
ਚੜ੍ਹਨਾ
ਨ੍ਹਾਉਣਾ

Play each:

Slowly
Segmented
Naturally

⸻

Speak

Repeat after the spoken model:

ਪੜ੍ਹ
ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ
ਚੜ੍ਹਨਾ
ਨ੍ਹਾਉਣਾ

Do not insert a full extra vowel before ਹ.

⸻

Read

Recognise the pairī form in:

ਪੜ੍ਹ
ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ
ਚੜ੍ਹ
ਚੜ੍ਹਨਾ
ਨ੍ਹਾਉਣਾ

Highlight the base letter and subjoined ਹ separately.

⸻

Write

Trace the complete combined forms. Copy:

ਪੜ੍ਹ
ਚੜ੍ਹ

The app should show how the pairī form is positioned below the base letter.

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Find pairī ਹ Activity 2 — Ordinary ਹ or pairī ਹ? Activity 3 — Match word and action

ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ — to read
ਚੜ੍ਹਨਾ — to climb
ਨ੍ਹਾਉਣਾ — to bathe

Activity 4 — Listen and choose

⸻

More practice

At home

Read:

ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ
ਚੜ੍ਹਨਾ

Use slow and normal spoken model.

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child recognises the subjoined ਹ form and reads common words containing it.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise Pairī Hāhā in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning Pairī Hāhā. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child recognises the subjoined ਹ form and reads common words containing it.The child recognises the subjoined ਹ form and reads common words containing it.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਪੈਰੀਂਪੈਰੀਂ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਪੈਰੀਂ?
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Read:
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

18 Pairī Rārā

Learn

The child recognises subjoined ਰ in common clusters.

Explanation

Sometimes ਰ appears below another consonant. This is called: ਪੈਰੀਂ ਰਾਰਾ Common forms

ਪ੍ਰ
ਕ੍ਰ
ਗ੍ਰ
ਤ੍ਰ
ਮ੍ਰ

Word examples

ਪ੍ਰੇਮ
ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼
ਕ੍ਰਮ
ਗ੍ਰੰਥ
ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ

Some words are learned, Sanskrit-derived or religious vocabulary. Every example should include meaning support.

⸻

Example

Sometimes ਰ appears below another consonant.

Word

ਪੈਰੀਂ ਰਾਰਾ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen to:

Script focus

ਪੈਰੀਂ ਰਾਰਾ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen to:

ਪ੍ਰ
ਕ੍ਰ
ਗ੍ਰ
ਤ੍ਰ
ਮ੍ਰ

Listen to:

ਪ੍ਰੇਮ
ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼
ਕ੍ਰਮ
ਗ੍ਰੰਥ
ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ

⸻

Speak

Repeat the cluster slowly: ਪ੍ + ਰ = ਪ੍ਰ Then say: ਪ੍ਰੇਮ Repeat:

ਕ੍ਰਮ
ਗ੍ਰੰਥ
ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ

Every cluster should be modelled naturally.

⸻

Read

Read:

ਪ੍ਰੇਮ
ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼
ਕ੍ਰਮ
ਗ੍ਰੰਥ
ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ

Highlight pairī ਰ in every word.

⸻

Write

Trace:

ਪ੍ਰ
ਕ੍ਰ
ਗ੍ਰ
ਮ੍ਰ

Copy:

ਪ੍ਰੇਮ
ਕ੍ਰਮ

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Find pairī ਰ Activity 2 — Build ਪ੍ਰ Activity 3 — Match

ਪ੍ਰੇਮ — love
ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ — light
ਕ੍ਰਮ — order
ਗ੍ਰੰਥ — volume or scripture
ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ — Amrit

Activity 4 — Full ਰ or pairī ਰ?

⸻

More practice

At home

Practise:

ਪ੍ਰ
ਕ੍ਰ
ਗ੍ਰ
ਮ੍ਰ

Read:

ਪ੍ਰੇਮ
ਕ੍ਰਮ

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child recognises subjoined ਰ in common clusters.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise Pairī Rārā in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning Pairī Rārā. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child recognises subjoined ਰ in common clusters.The child recognises subjoined ਰ in common clusters.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਪੈਰੀਂਪੈਰੀਂ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਪੈਰੀਂ?
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Practise:
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

19 Pairī Vāvā

Learn

The child recognises the rare subjoined ਵ form.

Explanation

Sometimes ਵ appears below another consonant. This is called: ਪੈਰੀਂ ਵਾਵਾ It is much less common than ordinary ਵ. It appears mainly in:

Learned words
Sanskrit-derived forms
Older writing
Gurbani
Specialised vocabulary

Common cluster form ਸ੍ਵ Examples may include:

ਸ੍ਵਰ
ਸ੍ਵੈ

All examples must be human-reviewed for text, pronunciation and context.

⸻

Example

Sometimes ਵ appears below another consonant.

Word

ਪੈਰੀਂ ਵਾਵਾ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen to the approved cluster:

Script focus

ਪੈਰੀਂ ਵਾਵਾ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen to the approved cluster: ਸ੍ਵ Listen to reviewed examples:

ਸ੍ਵਰ
ਸ੍ਵੈ

The child focuses on recognition rather than perfect independent pronunciation.

⸻

Speak

Repeat after expert spoken model: ਸ੍ਵ ਸ੍ਵਰ ਸ੍ਵੈ Do not simplify the cluster without teacher guidance.

⸻

Read

Recognise the difference between:

ਸਵ
ਸ੍ਵ

The second contains pairī ਵ.

⸻

Write

Trace the combined form: ਸ੍ਵ Copy it twice. Font rendering must be checked before release.

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Find pairī ਵ Activity 2 — Ordinary ਵ or pairī ਵ? Activity 3 — Match the cluster Activity 4 — Rendering check Choose the correctly displayed form.

⸻

More practice

At home

Look at:

ਵ
ਸਵ
ਸ੍ਵ

Find the pairī form.

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child recognises the rare subjoined ਵ form.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise Pairī Vāvā in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning Pairī Vāvā. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child recognises the rare subjoined ਵ form.The child recognises the rare subjoined ਵ form.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਪੈਰੀਂਪੈਰੀਂ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਪੈਰੀਂ?
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Look at:
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

20 Pairī Forms Review

Learn

The child distinguishes pairī ਹ, ਰ and ਵ in real forms.

Explanation

Pairī ਹ Examples:

ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ
ਚੜ੍ਹਨਾ

Pairī ਰ Examples:

ਪ੍ਰੇਮ
ਕ੍ਰਮ
ਗ੍ਰੰਥ
ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ

Pairī ਵ Examples:

ਸ੍ਵਰ
ਸ੍ਵੈ

Key distinction A pairī form:

Appears below a base letter
Is not separated by a word space
Changes the combined pronunciation
Must render as one connected cluster

⸻

Example

Pairī ਹ

Word

ਪੈਰੀਂ ਅੱਖਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਦੁਹਰਾਈ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen to one example from each category.

Script focus

ਪੈਰੀਂ ਅੱਖਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਦੁਹਰਾਈ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen to one example from each category. Then select:

ਪੈਰੀਂ ਹਾਹਾ
ਪੈਰੀਂ ਰਾਰਾ
ਪੈਰੀਂ ਵਾਵਾ

⸻

Speak

Repeat:

ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ
ਪ੍ਰੇਮ
ਸ੍ਵਰ

Use the official spoken model.

⸻

Read

Sort: Pairī ਹ

ਪੜ੍ਹ
ਚੜ੍ਹ

Pairī ਰ

ਪ੍ਰੇਮ
ਕ੍ਰਮ
ਗ੍ਰੰਥ

Pairī ਵ

ਸ੍ਵਰ
ਸ੍ਵੈ

⸻

Write

Copy one example from each group.

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Sort the words Activity 2 — Highlight the pairī form Activity 3 — Pairī or full letter? Activity 4 — Choose the correctly rendered word Activity 5 — Read with spoken model support

⸻

More practice

At home

Review one pairī form per day. Do not teach all three through rushed repetition.

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child distinguishes pairī ਹ, ਰ and ਵ in real forms.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise Pairī Forms Review in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning Pairī Forms Review. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child distinguishes pairī ਹ, ਰ and ਵ in real forms.The child distinguishes pairī ਹ, ਰ and ਵ in real forms.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਪੈਰੀਂਪੈਰੀਂ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਪੈਰੀਂ?
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Review one pairī form per day.
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

21 Punjabi Digits

Learn

The child recognises and writes Gurmukhi digits from zero to nine.

Explanation

Punjabi digits Number Gurmukhi Punjabi name 0 ੦ ਸਿਫ਼ਰ 1 ੧ ਇੱਕ 2 ੨ ਦੋ 3 ੩ ਤਿੰਨ 4 ੪ ਚਾਰ 5 ੫ ਪੰਜ 6 ੬ ਛੇ 7 ੭ ਸੱਤ 8 ੮ ਅੱਠ 9 ੯ ਨੌਂ Building larger numbers ੧੦ — ten ੧੧ — eleven ੧੨ — twelve ੨੦ — twenty ੨੫ — twenty-five ੧੦੦ — one hundred Digits work by place value, as with widely used international digits.

⸻

Example

Punjabi digits

Word

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਅੰਕ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Listen to:

Script focus

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਅੰਕ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Listen to: ੦, ੧, ੨, ੩, ੪, ੫, ੬, ੭, ੮, ੯ Then hear them in random order.

⸻

Speak

Count: ਇੱਕ ਤੋਂ ਦਸ Then read random displayed digits.

⸻

Read

Read:

੧
੪
੭
੯
੧੦
੧੨
੨੫
੧੦੦

Practical examples

Page ੧੫
Age ੮
Year ੨੦੨੬
Three books: ੩

⸻

Write

Trace and copy: ੦ ੧ ੨ ੩ ੪ ੫ ੬ ੭ ੮ ੯ Write:

Your age
Today’s date
Numbers ੧–੧੦

⸻

Activity

Activity 1 — Match digit and number Activity 2 — Count objects Activity 3 — Find the missing digit ੧ ੨ ੩ ___ ੫ Correct: ੪ Activity 4 — Build a two-digit number ੨ + ੫ = ੨੫ Activity 5 — International and Gurmukhi match 8 ↔ ੮

⸻

More practice

At home

Write five familiar numbers in both forms. Example: 5 — ੫

⸻

Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child recognises and writes Gurmukhi digits from zero to nine.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise Punjabi Digits in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning Punjabi Digits. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child recognises and writes Gurmukhi digits from zero to nine.The child recognises and writes Gurmukhi digits from zero to nine.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਪੰਜਾਬੀਪੰਜਾਬੀ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਪੰਜਾਬੀ?Punjabi
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Write five familiar numbers in both forms.
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

22 Punctuation

Learn

The child recognises and uses common punctuation marks in Punjabi reading and writing.

Explanation

Full stop . Shows the end of a statement. ਇਹ ਮੇਰਾ ਘਰ ਹੈ। Question mark ? Shows a question. ਤੁਹਾਡਾ ਨਾਮ ਕੀ ਹੈ? Exclamation mark ! Shows strong feeling or emphasis. ਵਾਹ! Comma , Shows a short pause or separates items. ਸੇਬ, ਅੰਬ ਅਤੇ ਕੇਲੇ Colon : Introduces information or a list. Quotation marks “ ” Show spoken or quoted words. Danda । A traditional sentence-ending mark seen in older, literary and religious texts. Double danda ॥ Seen in particular traditional and sacred-text contexts. Detailed Gurbani punctuation and structure will be taught in the Gurbani pathway.

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Example

Full stop

Word

ਵਿਰਾਮ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Hear the difference between:

Script focus

ਵਿਰਾਮ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Hear the difference between:

Statement
Question
Excited sentence
List

The voice should model natural intonation.

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Speak

Read: ਇਹ ਮੇਰਾ ਘਰ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਕੀ ਹੈ? ਵਾਹ! ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ਸੇਬ, ਅੰਬ ਅਤੇ ਕੇਲੇ ਹਨ।

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Read

Read four short passages containing different punctuation. Stop at full stops. Raise question intonation naturally. Pause briefly at commas.

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Write

Add punctuation: ਤੁਹਾਡਾ ਨਾਮ ਕੀ ਹੈ Correct: ਤੁਹਾਡਾ ਨਾਮ ਕੀ ਹੈ? ਵਾਹ Correct: ਵਾਹ!

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Activity

Activity 1 — Choose the punctuation Activity 2 — Statement or question? Activity 3 — Add commas to a list Activity 4 — Recognise danda Activity 5 — Read with expression

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More practice

At home

Find punctuation in one Punjabi page. Circle:

Full stop
Question mark
Comma

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Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child recognises and uses common punctuation marks in Punjabi reading and writing.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise Punctuation in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning Punctuation. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child recognises and uses common punctuation marks in Punjabi reading and writing.The child recognises and uses common punctuation marks in Punjabi reading and writing.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਵਿਰਾਮਵਿਰਾਮ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਵਿਰਾਮ?
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Find punctuation in one Punjabi page.
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

23 Gurmukhi Keyboard and Typing

Learn

The child types simple Punjabi words using letters, matras, spaces and signs.

Explanation

A Gurmukhi keyboard contains:

Letters
Matras
Nasal signs
ਅੱਧਕ
Digits
Punctuation
Space
Delete

Typing order On Pothi’s standard keyboard:

Type the main consonant.
Type the matra.
The app places the sign correctly.

Example: Tap: ਕ then ਿ The screen shows: ਕਿ Although ਸਿਹਾਰੀ appears before ਕ visually, the main letter is selected first. Word typing ਨ + ਾ + ਮ ਨਾਮ ਮ + ੈ + ਂ ਮੈਂ ਪ + ੱ + ਤ + ਾ ਪੱਤਾ

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Example

A Gurmukhi keyboard contains:

Word

ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਕੀਬੋਰਡ ਅਤੇ ਟਾਈਪਿੰਗ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Hear a word.

Script focus

ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਕੀਬੋਰਡ ਅਤੇ ਟਾਈਪਿੰਗ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Hear a word. Find each required key. Example: ਨਾਮ The app repeats the word slowly.

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Speak

Say the word before typing it. Name its parts: ਨ — ਕੰਨਾ — ਮ Then type: ਨਾਮ

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Read

Read the typed result before submitting. Check:

Correct letter
Correct matra
Correct nasal sign
Correct spacing
No missing character

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Write

Type:

ਨਾਮ
ਦਿਨ
ਮਾਂ
ਅੰਬ
ਪੱਤਾ
ਸ਼ੇਰ
ਪ੍ਰੇਮ
੧੨

Sentence typing Type: ਮੇਰਾ ਨਾਮ ਅਮਨ ਹੈ।

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Activity

Activity 1 — Find a letter key Activity 2 — Add ਸਿਹਾਰੀ Activity 3 — Add ਬਿੰਦੀ or ਟਿੱਪੀ Activity 4 — Add ਅੱਧਕ Activity 5 — Use space correctly Activity 6 — Delete one incorrect character Activity 7 — Type from spoken model

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More practice

At home

Type three familiar words in Pothi. Read each word after typing it.

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Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child types simple Punjabi words using letters, matras, spaces and signs.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise Gurmukhi Keyboard and Typing in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning Gurmukhi Keyboard and Typing. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child types simple Punjabi words using letters, matras, spaces and signs.The child types simple Punjabi words using letters, matras, spaces and signs.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ?Gurmukhi
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Type three familiar words in Pothi.
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.

24 Complete Gurmukhi Mastery Review

Learn

The child demonstrates readiness to begin independent word-building and extended Punjabi reading.

Explanation

Complete knowledge covered Core letters ੳ ਅ ੲ ਸ ਹ ਕ ਖ ਗ ਘ ਙ ਚ ਛ ਜ ਝ ਞ ਟ ਠ ਡ ਢ ਣ ਤ ਥ ਦ ਧ ਨ ਪ ਫ ਬ ਭ ਮ ਯ ਰ ਲ ਵ ੜ Complete matras

ਮੁਕਤਾ
ਕੰਨਾ
ਸਿਹਾਰੀ
ਬਿਹਾਰੀ
ਔਂਕੜ
ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜ
ਲਾਂਵਾਂ
ਦੁਲਾਂਵਾਂ
ਹੋੜਾ
ਕਨੌੜਾ

Nasal signs

ਬਿੰਦੀ
ਟਿੱਪੀ

Doubling sign

ਅੱਧਕ

Additional letters ਸ਼ ਖ਼ ਗ਼ ਜ਼ ਫ਼ ਲ਼ Pairī forms

ਪੈਰੀਂ ਹਾਹਾ
ਪੈਰੀਂ ਰਾਰਾ
ਪੈਰੀਂ ਵਾਵਾ

Other knowledge

Punjabi digits
Punctuation
Keyboard typing

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Example

Complete knowledge covered

Word

ਪੂਰੀ ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਦੀ ਜਾਂਚ

Time

Student: 8-15 minutes. Parent-supported session: 10-20 minutes.

Sound focus

Part 1 — Nasal signs

Script focus

ਪੂਰੀ ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਦੀ ਜਾਂਚ

Pronunciation tip

Use a parent or fluent speaker as the spoken model. Roman support is temporary. Punjabi tone, vowel length, dental/retroflex placement, and Gurbani-facing pronunciation must not be guessed.

Listen

Part 1 — Nasal signs Hear ten words. Choose:

ਬਿੰਦੀ
ਟਿੱਪੀ
Neither

Part 2 — Adhak Hear five single/doubled contrasts. Part 3 — Additional letters Hear reviewed words containing:

Part 4 — Pairī forms Identify:

Pairī ਹ
Pairī ਰ
Pairī ਵ

Part 5 — Digits Hear a number and select the Gurmukhi form.

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Speak

Read:

ਮਾਂ
ਅੰਬ
ਗੇਂਦ
ਸਿੰਘ
ਪੱਤਾ
ਬੱਚਾ
ਸ਼ੇਰ
ਜ਼ਮੀਨ
ਫ਼ਿਲਮ
ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ
ਪ੍ਰੇਮ

Use official spoken model for difficult borrowed and pairī forms.

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Read

Nasal words

ਮਾਂ
ਮੈਂ
ਗੇਂਦ
ਅੰਬ
ਅੰਗ
ਸਿੰਘ

Adhak words

ਪੱਤਾ
ਬੱਚਾ
ਪੱਕਾ
ਹੱਥ
ਅੱਖ
ਕੁੱਤਾ

Additional-letter words

ਸ਼ੇਰ
ਖ਼ੁਸ਼
ਗ਼ਰੀਬ
ਜ਼ਮੀਨ
ਫ਼ਿਲਮ

Pairī words

ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ
ਚੜ੍ਹਨਾ
ਪ੍ਰੇਮ
ਗ੍ਰੰਥ
ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ
ਸ੍ਵਰ

Controlled sentences ਮੇਰੀ ਮਾਂ ਘਰ ਹੈ। This sentence is unnatural in many contexts and should not be used in production. Use reviewed natural sentences such as: ਮੇਰੀ ਮਾਂ ਘਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਹਰਾ ਪੱਤਾ ਹੈ। ਬੱਚਾ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹਦਾ ਹੈ। ਸ਼ੇਰ ਜੰਗਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ। Grammar details are taught later; reading meaning is picture-supported.

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Write

Part 1 — Nasal dictation

ਮਾਂ
ਮੈਂ
ਅੰਬ
ਸਿੰਘ

Part 2 — Adhak dictation

ਪੱਤਾ
ਬੱਚਾ
ਹੱਥ

Part 3 — Additional letters Write: ਸ਼ ਖ਼ ਗ਼ ਜ਼ ਫ਼ ਲ਼ Part 4 — Pairī forms Copy:

ਪੜ੍ਹ
ਪ੍ਰ
ਸ੍ਵ

Part 5 — Digits and punctuation Write: ੦ ੧ ੨ ੩ ੪ ੫ ੬ ੭ ੮ ੯ Add punctuation to two sentences.

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Activity

Activity 1 — Complete-sign sorting Sort:

Matras
Nasal signs
Adhak
Additional letters
Pairī forms
Digits
Punctuation

Activity 2 — Word repair Fix:

Missing nasal sign
Wrong nasal sign
Missing ਅੱਧਕ
Wrong dotted letter
Incorrect pairī form

Activity 3 — Random reading Read 25 mixed words. Activity 4 — Type from spoken model Activity 5 — Font recognition Recognise the same letters in two approved fonts. Activity 6 — Short passage Read a four-sentence controlled passage. Answer three simple meaning questions.

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More practice

At home

Choose one item from each group:

Bindi word
Tippi word
Adhak word
Additional-letter word
Pairī word
Punjabi number
Short typed sentence

Read or write each once.

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Life lesson

Careful listening, honest questions, and kind correction build confidence.

Child goal

The child demonstrates readiness to begin independent word-building and extended Punjabi reading.

Parent goal

Help the learner practise Complete Gurmukhi Mastery Review in one calm, short session and record questions instead of guessing.

Parent note

Supplied lesson wording is preserved. Added practice remains under review. Accept valid home-language variation and ask a reviewer about uncertain spelling or pronunciation.

Parent script

Say: 'Today we are learning Complete Gurmukhi Mastery Review. First listen, then try. We can pause, ask for help, and practise again.' Use the preserved At Home section to close.

Check yourself

What is the main goal of this lesson: The child demonstrates readiness to begin independent word-building and extended Punjabi reading.The child demonstrates readiness to begin independent word-building and extended Punjabi reading.
Identify or use this lesson item: ਪੂਰੀਪੂਰੀ
What reviewed meaning is attached to ਪੂਰੀ?
What should you do when a sound, spelling, or meaning is uncertain?Ask a parent, teacher, fluent speaker, or qualified reviewer instead of guessing.
What is one activity you can repeat at home?Choose one item from each group:
How do you show careful learning?Listen, try, check, accept correction, and practise again.